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The observed flat rotation curves of galaxies are among a number of astrophysical phenomena which require a larger acceleration than can be provided by the Newtonian gravity of the detected baryons. The main proposed solutions are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-10 Indranil Banik , Charalambos Pittordis , Will Sutherland

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis that attempts to explain the "missing gravity" problem in astrophysics and cosmology through a modification to objects' dynamics. Since its conception in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-29 Harry Desmond

It is found that Gaia DR3 binary stars selected with stringent requirements on astrometric measurements and radial velocities naturally satisfy Newtonian dynamics without hidden close companions when projected separation $s \lesssim 2$ kau,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-21 Kyu-Hyun Chae

Binary star systems are expected to follow Newtonian dynamics similarly to planetary systems. However, reports have been made of wide binary systems with separations around 0.01 pc and larger, showing potential deviations from standard…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-27 Stephen Cookson

Isolated wide binary stars provide natural laboratories to directly probe gravity for Newtonian acceleration $g_{\rm{N}}\lesssim 10^{-9}$ m s$^{-2}$. Recent statistical analyses of wide binaries have been performed only with sky-projected…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-20 Kyu-Hyun Chae

We present a machine learning (ML) framework for the detection of wide binary star systems using Gaia DR3 data. By training supervised ML models on established wide binary catalogues, we efficiently classify wide binaries and employ…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-31 Amoy Ashesh , Harsimran Kaur , Sandeep Aashish

Wide binaries provide promising laboratories for testing general relativity (GR) in the low-acceleration regime. Recent observational studies have found that the difference in the proper motions and/or radial velocities of the components of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-28 Kareem El-Badry

Extremely wide binary stars represent ideal systems to probe Newtonian dynamics in the low acceleration regimes (<10e-10 m/s/s) typical of the external regions of galaxies. Here we present a study of 60 alleged wide binary stars with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-28 Riccardo Scarpa , Riccardo Ottolina , Renato Falomo , Aldo Treves

Identifying and removing binary stars from stellar samples is a crucial but complicated task. Regardless of how carefully a sample is selected, some binaries will remain and complicate interpretation of results, especially via flux…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-08 Kendall Sullivan , Adam L. Kraus , Travis A. Berger , Daniel Huber

We present spectroscopic followup observations of binary systems from the Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) binary catalog that were selected to have large enough mass functions for their companions to be black holes or neutron stars. The selection…

We present a rigorous identification of candidates for dormant black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs) in binaries using summary statistics from Gaia DR3, rather than full orbital solutions. Although Gaia astrometric orbits have already…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-06 Johanna Müller-Horn , Hans-Walter Rix , Kareem El-Badry , Ben Pennell , Matthew Green , Jiadong Li , Rhys Seeburger

Wide binary stars are important for testing alternative models of gravitation in the weak-field regime and understanding the statistical outcomes of dynamical interactions in the general Galactic field. The Gaia mission's collection of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-28 Valeri V. Makarov

With the release of Gaia DR3, we extend the comparison between dynamical models for the Milky Way rotation curve initiated in the previous work. Utilising astrometric and spectro-photometric data for 719143 young disc stars within $|z|<1$…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-10 William Beordo , Mariateresa Crosta , Mario Gilberto Lattanzi

Wide binary stars are used to test the modified gravity called Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity or MOG. This theory is based on the additional gravitational degrees of freedom, the scalar field $G=G_N(1+\alpha)$, where $G_N$ is Newton's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-31 John W. Moffat

Orbital inclination is crucial in determining the mass of the binary. The astrometric excess noise contain the orbital motion information, which can be used to constrain the inclination. We aim to constrain the orbital inclination of a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-26 Shilong Liao , Ye Ding , Shangyu Wen , Zhaoxiang Qi , Qiqi Wu

Using data from Gaia DR3, we construct a sample of 14,791 gravitationally bound wide pairs in which one of the components is an unresolved binary with an astrometric orbital or acceleration solution. These systems are hierarchical triples,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-02 Pranav Nagarajan , Kareem El-Badry

The extremely accurate estimates of stellar variability and radial velocity in the Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) have enabled us to examine the close binarity and radial velocity (RV) of central stars (CSs) of planetary nebulae (PNe). This…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 A. Ali , A. Mindil

Astrometry from {\it Gaia} DR3 has enabled the discovery of a sample of 3000+ binaries containing white dwarfs (WD) and main-sequence (MS) stars in relatively wide orbits, with orbital periods $P_{\rm orb} = (100-1000)$ d. This population…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-19 Natsuko Yamaguchi , Kareem El-Badry , Natalie Rees , Sahar Shahaf , Tsevi Mazeh , René Andrae

The Doppler effect is commonly used to infer the velocity difference between stars based on the relative shifts in the rest-frame wavelengths of their spectral features. In wide binaries, the difference in gravitational redshift from the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-18 Abraham Loeb

We construct from Gaia eDR3 an extensive catalog of spatially resolved binary stars within $\approx$ 1 kpc of the Sun, with projected separations ranging from a few au to 1 pc. We estimate the probability that each pair is a chance…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 Kareem El-Badry , Hans-Walter Rix , Tyler M. Heintz