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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the need for robust, comprehensive, and challenging benchmarks. Yet, research on evaluating their Emotional Intelligence (EI) is considerably limited. Existing benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sahand Sabour , Siyang Liu , Zheyuan Zhang , June M. Liu , Jinfeng Zhou , Alvionna S. Sunaryo , Juanzi Li , Tatia M. C. Lee , Rada Mihalcea , Minlie Huang

Understanding emotions in natural language is inherently a multi-dimensional reasoning problem, where multiple affective signals interact through context, interpersonal relations, and situational cues. However, most existing emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hemanth Kotaprolu , Kishan Maharaj , Raey Zhao , Abhijit Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across numerous disciplines, primarily assessed through tasks in language generation, knowledge utilization, and complex reasoning. However, their alignment with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Xuena Wang , Xueting Li , Zi Yin , Yue Wu , Liu Jia

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in Emotional Intelligence (EI) and long-context modeling. However, existing benchmarks often overlook the fact that emotional information processing unfolds as a continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weichu Liu , Jing Xiong , Yuxuan Hu , Zixuan Li , Minghuan Tan , Ningning Mao , Hui Shen , Wendong Xu , Chaofan Tao , Min Yang , Chengming Li , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Pragmatic reasoning, inferring intended meaning beyond literal semantics, underpins everyday communication yet remains difficult for large language models. We present the Contextual Emotional Inference (CEI) Benchmark: 300 human-validated…

Explainable AI (XAI) research has traditionally focused on rational users, aiming to improve understanding and reduce cognitive biases. However, emotional factors play a critical role in how explanations are perceived and processed. Prior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Christian Schütze , Birte Richter , Britta Wrede

The furnishing of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) has led to the emergence of numerous benchmark studies, particularly those evaluating their perception and understanding capabilities. Among these, understanding image-evoked…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Lancheng Gao , Ziheng Jia , Yunhao Zeng , Wei Sun , Yiming Zhang , Wei Zhou , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Multimodal emotion recognition is an important research topic in artificial intelligence, whose main goal is to integrate multimodal clues to identify human emotional states. Current works generally assume accurate labels for benchmark…

With the integration of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities is essential for enabling these models to perceive, interpret, and respond to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Lianzhong You , Hongbo Xu , Qianning Wang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Zebang Cheng , Zheng Lian , Yucheng Zhou , Laizhong Cui

Large language models (LLMs) show promising capabilities in predicting human emotions from text. However, the mechanisms through which these models process emotional stimuli remain largely unexplored. Our study addresses this gap by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ala N. Tak , Amin Banayeeanzade , Anahita Bolourani , Mina Kian , Robin Jia , Jonathan Gratch

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), they have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across a variety of vision-language tasks. However, current evaluation benchmarks predominantly focus on objective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Haokun Li , Yazhou Zhang , Jizhi Ding , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang

In this paper, we develop the position that current frameworks for evaluating emotional intelligence (EI) in artificial intelligence (AI) systems need refinement because they do not adequately or comprehensively measure the various aspects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Max Parks , Kheli Atluru , Meera Vinod , Mike Kuniavsky , Jud Brewer , Sean White , Sarah Adler , Wendy Ju

Emotions conveyed through voice and face shape engagement and context in human AI interaction. Despite rapid progress in omni modal large language models, the holistic evaluation of emotional reasoning with audiovisual cues remains limited.…

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong capabilities in perception, reasoning, and generation, and are increasingly used in applications such as social robots and human-computer interaction, where understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Tengjin Weng , Zebang Cheng , Yu Wang , Jiachen Luo , Björn Schuller , Zheng Lian , Laizhong Cui

Emotional intelligence (EI), the ability to perceive, understand, and respond appropriately to others' emotional states, is central to human communication, and increasingly important to assess as LLMs assume conversational roles in everyday…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kate M. Lubrano , Faisal Sayed , Ankita Rathod , Akshansh , Craver Corbyn Thomas-Smith , Mark E. Whiting , Karina Nguyen

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant capabilities in various fields, and in areas such as human-computer interaction (HCI), embodied intelligence, and the design and animation of virtual digital humans, both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yingjie Zhou , Zicheng Zhang , Jiezhang Cao , Jun Jia , Yanwei Jiang , Farong Wen , Xiaohong Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have driven major advances in language understanding, marking a significant step toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). With increasing demands for higher-level semantics and cross-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuntao Shou , Tao Meng , Wei Ai , Keqin Li

We introduce EQ-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate aspects of emotional intelligence in Large Language Models (LLMs). We assess the ability of LLMs to understand complex emotions and social interactions by asking them to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Samuel J. Paech

Emotional Intelligence (EI), consisting of emotion perception, emotion cognition and emotion expression, plays the critical roles in improving user interaction experience for the current large language model (LLM) based conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Weixiang Zhao , Zhuojun Li , Shilong Wang , Yang Wang , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Chen Wei , Bing Qin

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have catalyzed transformative progress in affective computing, enabling models to exhibit emergent emotional intelligence. Despite substantial methodological progress, current…

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