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Causal machine learning methods which flexibly generate heterogeneous treatment effect estimates could be very useful tools for governments trying to make and implement policy. However, as the critical artificial intelligence literature has…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-09-06 Patrick Rehill , Nicholas Biddle

Massive efforts are made to reduce biases in both data and algorithms in order to render AI applications fair. These efforts are propelled by various high-profile cases where biased algorithmic decision-making caused harm to women, people…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Thilo Hagendorff , Leonie Bossert , Tse Yip Fai , Peter Singer

The widespread integration of AI technologies has intensified concerns about fairness and bias, as these systems often perpetuate societal inequalities through flawed data and design choices. While software engineering research has largely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Cleyton Magalhaes

The deployment of generative AI (GenAI) models raises significant fairness concerns, addressed in this paper through novel characterization and enforcement techniques specific to GenAI. Unlike standard AI performing specific tasks, GenAI's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Chih-Hong Cheng , Changshun Wu , Xingyu Zhao , Saddek Bensalem , Harald Ruess

Concerns about the societal impact of AI-based services and systems has encouraged governments and other organisations around the world to propose AI policy frameworks to address fairness, accountability, transparency and related topics. To…

Unfair treatment and discrimination are critical ethical concerns in AI systems, particularly as their adoption expands across diverse domains. Addressing these challenges, the recent introduction of the EU AI Act establishes a unified…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Arjun Roy , Stavroula Rizou , Symeon Papadopoulos , Eirini Ntoutsi

The debate around bias in AI systems is central to discussions on algorithmic fairness. However, the term bias often lacks a clear definition, despite frequently being contrasted with fairness, implying that an unbiased model is inherently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chiara Lindloff , Ingo Siegert

Ensuring fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) is important to counteract bias and discrimination in far-reaching applications. Recent work has started to investigate how humans judge fairness and how to support machine learning (ML)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yuri Nakao , Simone Stumpf , Subeida Ahmed , Aisha Naseer , Lorenzo Strappelli

With the widespread and pervasive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for automated decision-making systems, AI bias is becoming more apparent and problematic. One of its negative consequences is discrimination: the unfair, or unequal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Xavier Ferrer , Tom van Nuenen , Jose M. Such , Mark Coté , Natalia Criado

Human lives are increasingly being affected by the outcomes of automated decision-making systems and it is essential for the latter to be, not only accurate, but also fair. The literature of algorithmic fairness has grown considerably over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ainhize Barrainkua , Paula Gordaliza , Jose A. Lozano , Novi Quadrianto

Auditing of AI systems is a promising way to understand and manage ethical problems and societal risks associated with contemporary AI systems, as well as some anticipated future risks. Efforts to develop standards for auditing Artificial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-23 David Manheim , Sammy Martin , Mark Bailey , Mikhail Samin , Ross Greutzmacher

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors and institutions, including education and healthcare. Although AI offers immense potential for innovation and problem solving, its integration also raises significant ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-05 William Franz Lamberti

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology epitomizes the complex challenges posed by human-made artifacts, particularly those widely integrated into society and exerting significant influence, highlighting potential benefits and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Antonis Troumpoukis , Vangelis Karkaletsis

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in high-stakes decision-making increases, the ability to contest such decisions is being recognised in AI ethics guidelines as an important safeguard for individuals. Yet, there is little guidance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Henrietta Lyons , Eduardo Velloso , Tim Miller

In today's world, we need to ensure that AI systems are fair and unbiased. Our study looked at tools designed to test the fairness of software to see if they are practical and easy for software developers to use. We found that while some…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Thanh Nguyen , Luiz Fernando de Lima , Maria Teresa Badassarre , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Over the past few decades, ubiquitous sensors and systems have been an integral part of humans' everyday life. They augment human capabilities and provide personalized experiences across diverse contexts such as healthcare, education, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Han Zhang , Leijie Wang , Yilun Sheng , Xuhai Xu , Jennifer Mankoff , Anind K. Dey

Algorithmic decision making systems are ubiquitous across a wide variety of online as well as offline services. These systems rely on complex learning methods and vast amounts of data to optimize the service functionality, satisfaction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-27 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

Face recognition and verification are two computer vision tasks whose performance has progressed with the introduction of deep representations. However, ethical, legal, and technical challenges due to the sensitive character of face data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Alexandre Fournier-Montgieux , Michael Soumm , Adrian Popescu , Bertrand Luvison , Hervé Le Borgne

As artificial intelligence plays an increasingly substantial role in decisions affecting humans and society, the accountability of automated decision systems has been receiving increasing attention from researchers and practitioners.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Furkan Gursoy , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Current developments in AI made it broadly significant for reducing human labor and expenses across several essential domains, including healthcare and finance. However, the application of AI in the actual world poses multiple risks and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Sadia Afrin Mim