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Code translation transforms programs from one programming language (PL) to another. Several rule-based transpilers have been designed to automate code translation between different pairs of PLs. However, the rules can become obsolete as the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Ali Reza Ibrahimzada , Kaiyao Ke , Mrigank Pawagi , Muhammad Salman Abid , Rangeet Pan , Saurabh Sinha , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Training large-scale image captioning (IC) models demands access to a rich and diverse set of training examples, gathered from the wild, often from noisy alt-text data. However, recent modeling approaches to IC often fall short in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Piyush Sharma , Soravit Changpinyo , Ashish Thapliyal , Radu Soricut

Automatic translation between programming languages remains a challenging problem, particularly when the source language is highly concise and specialized. This paper investigates the translation of APL into C# using large language models.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Abdulrahman Ramadan , Hanen Borchani , Iben Lilholm , Mikkel Almind , Allan Peter Engsig-Karup

Python is a popular high-level general-purpose programming language also heavily used by the scientific community. It supports a variety of different programming paradigms and is preferred by many for its ease of use. With the vision of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Maximilian A. Köhl

A program can be viewed as a syntactic structure P (syntactic skeleton) parameterized by a collection of the identifiers V (variable names). This paper introduces the skeletal program enumeration (SPE) problem: Given a fixed syntactic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Qirun Zhang , Chengnian Sun , Zhendong Su

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit strong visual-language reasoning, yet cannot process structured, non-visual data such as human skeletons. Existing methods either compress skeleton dynamics into lossy feature vectors for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ziyi Wang , Peiming Li , Xinshun Wang , Yang Tang , Kai-Kuang Ma , Mengyuan Liu

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, recent studies have revealed their struggle for code translation. This is because they haven't been extensively pre-trained with parallel multilingual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Qingxiao Tao , Tingrui Yu , Xiaodong Gu , Beijun Shen

This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the generation of test skeletons -- structural templates that outline unit test coverage without implementing full test logic. Test skeletons are especially important…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Subhang Boorlagadda , Nitya Naga Sai Atluri , Muhammet Mustafa Olmez , Edward F. Gehringer

Large language models are becoming increasingly practical for translating code across programming languages, a process known as $transpiling$. Even though automated transpilation significantly boosts developer productivity, a key concern is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Hasan Ferit Eniser , Valentin Wüstholz , Maria Christakis

One of the recent best attempts at Text-to-SQL is the pre-trained language model. Due to the structural property of the SQL queries, the seq2seq model takes the responsibility of parsing both the schema items (i.e., tables and columns) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Haoyang Li , Jing Zhang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Maintaining legacy software requires many software and systems engineering hours. Assembly code programs, which demand low-level control over the computer machine state and have no variable names, are particularly difficult for humans to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Celine Lee , Abdulrahman Mahmoud , Michal Kurek , Simone Campanoni , David Brooks , Stephen Chong , Gu-Yeon Wei , Alexander M. Rush

Translating source code from one programming language to another is a critical, time-consuming task in modernizing legacy applications and codebases. Recent work in this space has drawn inspiration from the software naturalness hypothesis…

Modeling coherence in text has been a task that has excited NLP researchers since a long time. It has applications in detecting incoherent structures and helping the author fix them. There has been recent work in using neural networks to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Nishit Asnani , Rohan Badlani

Code clone detection is a critical task in software engineering, aimed at identifying duplicated or similar code fragments within or across software systems. Traditional methods often fail to capture functional equivalence, particularly for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yunhao Liang , Ruixuan Ying , Takuya Taniguchi , Guwen Lyu , Zhe Cui

Software clones are beneficial to detect security gaps and software maintenance in one programming language or across multiple languages. The existing work on source clone detection performs well but in a single programming language.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Mohammad A. Yahya , Dae-Kyoo Kim

Sign language translation (SLT) addresses the problem of translating information from a sign language in video to a spoken language in text. Existing studies, while showing progress, are often limited to narrow domains and/or few sign…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Biao Zhang , Garrett Tanzer , Orhan Firat

For a full-stack web or app development, it requires a software firm or more specifically a team of experienced developers to contribute a large portion of their time and resources to design the website and then convert it to code. As a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Somoy Subandhu Barua , Imam Mohammad Zulkarnain , Abhishek Roy , Md. Golam Rabiul Alam , Md Zia Uddin

Current language models tailored for code tasks often adopt the pre-training-then-fine-tuning paradigm from natural language processing, modeling source code as plain text. This approach, however, overlooks the unambiguous structures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Mayank Agarwal , Yikang Shen , Bailin Wang , Yoon Kim , Jie Chen

Recently, the automated translation of source code from one programming language to another by using automatic approaches inspired by Neural Machine Translation (NMT) methods for natural languages has come under study. However, such…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied across various domains, including code-related tasks such as code translation. Previous studies have explored using LLMs for translating code between different programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Soumit Kanti Saha , Fazle Rabbi , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang