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Carbon matching aims to improve corporate carbon accounting by tracking emissions rather than energy consumption and production. We present a mathematical derivation of carbon matching using marginal emission rates, where the unit of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Nikky Avila , Hank He , Reza Rastegar , Jamie Tolan , Tobias Tiecke , Brian White

Quantifying locational carbon emissions in power grids is crucial for implementing effective carbon reduction strategies for customers relying on electricity. This paper presents a carbon-aware optimal power flow (OPF) framework that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Zhentong Shao , Nanpeng Yu

Cloud platforms have been focusing on reducing their carbon emissions by shifting workloads across time and locations to when and where low-carbon energy is available. Despite the prominence of this idea, prior work has only quantified the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Thanathorn Sukprasert , Abel Souza , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Increasing demand for computing has lead to the development of large-scale, highly optimized data centers, which represent large loads in the electric power network. Many major computing and internet companies operate multiple data centers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-08 Julia Lindberg , Bernard C. Lesieutre , Line Roald

As the electrification process advances, enormous power flexibility is becoming available on the demand side, which can be harnessed to facilitate power system decarbonization. Hence, this paper studies the carbon-aware demand response…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Xin Chen

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani , Antonio Brogi

Cloud platforms are increasing their emphasis on sustainability and reducing their operational carbon footprint. A common approach for reducing carbon emissions is to exploit the temporal flexibility inherent to many cloud workloads by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Walid A. Hanafy , Qianlin Liang , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

The most serious threat to ecosystems is the global climate change fueled by the uncontrolled increase in carbon emissions. In this project, we use mean field control and mean field game models to analyze and inform the decisions of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Rene Carmona , Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

Companies with datacenters are procuring significant amounts of renewable energy to reduce their carbon footprint. There is increasing interest in achieving 24/7 Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) matching in electricity usage, aiming to eliminate…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-16 Iegor Riepin , Tom Brown , Victor Zavala

The rapid increase in computing demand and its corresponding energy consumption have focused attention on computing's impact on the climate and sustainability. Prior work proposes metrics that quantify computing's carbon footprint across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Noman Bashir , Varun Gohil , Anagha Belavadi , Mohammad Shahrad , David Irwin , Elsa Olivetti , Christina Delimitrou

Carbon-aware schedulers aim to reduce the operational carbon footprint of data centers by running flexible workloads during periods of low carbon intensity. Most schedulers treat workloads as single monolithic tasks, ignoring that many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Roozbeh Bostandoost , Adam Lechowicz , Walid A. Hanafy , Prashant Shenoy , Mohammad Hajiesmaili

Climate response metrics are used to quantify the Earth's climate response to anthropogenic changes of atmospheric CO2. Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) is one such metric that measures the equilibrium response to CO2 doubling.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Robbin Bastiaansen , Peter Ashwin , Anna S. von der Heydt

Carbon emissions are currently attributed to producers although a consumption-aware accounting is advocated. After constructing the Carbon Trade Network, we trace the flow of emissions over the past two decades. Our analysis reveals the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-24 Gianluca Guidi , Rossana Mastrandrea , Angelo Facchini , Tiziano Squartini , Christopher Kennedy

The rapid growth of Electric Vehicle (EV) adoption challenges power distribution networks through peak load spikes, voltage instability, and transformer overloads from uncoordinated charging. While Model Predictive Control (MPC) and…

This study investigates the efficient strategies for supply chain network optimization, specifically aimed at reducing industrial carbon emissions. Amidst escalating concerns about global climate change, industry sectors are motivated to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-29 Jihu Lei

Residential heating, primarily powered by natural gas, accounts for a significant portion of residential sector energy use and carbon emissions in many parts of the world. Hence, there is a push towards decarbonizing residential heating by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Adam Lechowicz , Noman Bashir , John Wamburu , Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Prashant Shenoy

The rapid expansion of cloud computing and data center infrastructure has led to significant energy consumption, posing environmental challenges due to the growing carbon footprint. This research explores energy-aware management strategies…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Rabab Khan Rongon , Krishna Das

The amount of CO$_2$ emitted per kilowatt-hour on an electricity grid varies by time of day and substantially varies by location due to the types of generation. Networked collections of warehouse scale computers, sometimes called Hyperscale…

To reduce their environmental impact, cloud datacenters' are increasingly focused on optimizing applications' carbon-efficiency, or work done per mass of carbon emitted. To facilitate such optimizations, we present Carbon Containers, a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-27 John Thiede , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

The majority of electric vehicles (EVs) are charged domestically overnight, where the precise timing of power allocation is not important to the user, thus representing a source of flexibility that can be leveraged by charging control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-09 Felix Wieberneit , Emanuele Crisostomi , Anthony Quinn , Robert Shorten