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Web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for next-generation AI, but their limited reasoning in uncertain, dynamic web environments hinders robust deployment. In this paper, we identify key reasoning skills essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Minda Hu , Tianqing Fang , Jianshu Zhang , Junyu Ma , Zhisong Zhang , Jingyan Zhou , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Irwin King

Agent skills provide a lightweight way to adapt LLM agents to specialized domains by storing reusable procedural knowledge in structured files. However, whether downloaded from third parties or self-generated, these skills are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hanyu Wang , Yifan Lan , Bochuan Cao , Lu Lin , Jinghui Chen

Large language model-based web agents have demonstrated strong performance on realistic web interaction tasks. However, existing evaluations are predominantly conducted under relatively stable and well-behaved interaction conditions, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haoyue Bai , Dong Wang , Long Chen , Bingguang Hao , Pengyang Shao , Yonghui Yang , Yicheng He , Chenyi Zhuang

Designing agents, capable of learning autonomously a wide range of skills is critical in order to increase the scope of reinforcement learning. It will both increase the diversity of learned skills and reduce the burden of manually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Grgur Kovač , Adrien Laversanne-Finot , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

As more and more AI agents are used in practice, it is time to think about how to make these agents fully autonomous so that they can learn by themselves in a self-motivated and self-supervised manner rather than being retrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Bing Liu , Eric Robertson , Scott Grigsby , Sahisnu Mazumder

The rapid development of agentic artificial intelligence (AI) is driving future wireless networks to evolve from passive data pipes into intelligent collaborative ecosystems under the emerging paradigm of integrated learning and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhouxiang Zhao , Jiaxiang Wang , Zhaohui Yang , Kun Yang , Zhaoyang Zhang , Mingzhe Chen , Kaibin Huang

Autonomous agents empowered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone significant improvements, enabling them to generalize across a broad spectrum of tasks. However, in real-world scenarios, cooperation among individuals is often…

AI agents today are mostly siloed - they either retrieve and reason over vast amount of digital information and knowledge obtained online; or interact with the physical world through embodied perception, planning and action - but rarely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yining Hong , Rui Sun , Bingxuan Li , Xingcheng Yao , Maxine Wu , Alexander Chien , Da Yin , Ying Nian Wu , Zhecan James Wang , Kai-Wei Chang

Software is one of the most powerful tools that we humans have at our disposal; it allows a skilled programmer to interact with the world in complex and profound ways. At the same time, thanks to improvements in large language models…

We develop a general problem setting for training and testing the ability of agents to gather information efficiently. Specifically, we present a collection of tasks in which success requires searching through a partially-observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-09 Philip Bachman , Alessandro Sordoni , Adam Trischler

Recent progress in autonomous code generation has fueled excitement around AI agents capable of accelerating scientific discovery by running experiments. However, there is currently no benchmark that evaluates whether such agents can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Gyeongwon James Kim , Alex Wilf , Louis-Philippe Morency , Daniel Fried

Scaffolding Large Language Models (LLMs) into multi-agent systems often improves performance on complex tasks, but the safety impact of such scaffolds has not been thoroughly explored. We introduce AgentBreeder, a framework for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 J Rosser , Jakob Foerster

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Libo Sun , Jiwen Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei

Designing adaptive mechanisms to align individual and collective interests remains a central challenge in artificial social intelligence. Existing methods often struggle with modeling heterogeneous agents possessing persistent latent traits…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaoyuan Zhang , Yizhe Huang , Chengdong Ma , Zhixun Chen , Long Ma , Yali Du , Song-Chun Zhu , Yaodong Yang , Xue Feng

Despite rapid progress in autonomous web agents, human involvement remains essential for shaping preferences and correcting agent behavior as tasks unfold. However, current agentic systems lack a principled understanding of when and why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Faria Huq , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Zhanqiu Guo , Venu Arvind Arangarajan , Tianyue Ou , Frank Xu , Shuyan Zhou , Graham Neubig , Jeffrey P. Bigham

With the rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agent ecosystems, centralized skill marketplaces have emerged as pivotal infrastructure for augmenting agent capabilities. However, these marketplaces face unprecedented security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zihan Guo , Zhiyu Chen , Xiaohang Nie , Jianghao Lin , Yuanjian Zhou , Weinan Zhang

The last few years have witnessed substantial progress in the field of embodied AI where artificial agents, mirroring biological counterparts, are now able to learn from interaction to accomplish complex tasks. Despite this success,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Sarah Pratt , Luca Weihs , Ali Farhadi

The automation of scientific discovery represents a critical milestone in Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. However, existing agentic systems for science suffer from two fundamental limitations: rigid, pre-programmed workflows that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ed Li , Junyu Ren , Xintian Pan , Cat Yan , Chuanhao Li , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Web AI agents such as ChatGPT Agent and GenSpark are increasingly used for routine web-based tasks, yet they still rely on text-based input prompts, lack proactive detection of user intent, and offer no support for interactive data analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yanwei Huang , Arpit Narechania

A long-term goal of language agents is to learn and improve through their own experience, ultimately outperforming humans in complex, real-world tasks. However, training agents from experience data with reinforcement learning remains…

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