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We address hallucination detection in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by framing the problem through the lens of dynamical systems stability theory. Rather than treating hallucination as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bozhi Luan , Gen Li , Yalan Qin , Jifeng Guo , Yun Zhou , Faguo Wu , Hongwei Zheng , Wenjun Wu , Zhaoxin Fan

LLMs obtain remarkable performance but suffer from hallucinations. Most research on detecting hallucination focuses on the questions with short and concrete correct answers that are easy to check the faithfulness. Hallucination detections…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xinyue Fang , Zhen Huang , Zhiliang Tian , Minghui Fang , Ziyi Pan , Quntian Fang , Zhihua Wen , Hengyue Pan , Dongsheng Li

Detecting hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs is pivotal, yet traditional fine-tuning for this classification task is impeded by the expensive and quickly outdated annotation process, especially across numerous vertical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Dongxu Zhang , Varun Gangal , Barrett Martin Lattimer , Yi Yang

Medical Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated potential in healthcare applications, yet their propensity for hallucinations -- generating medically implausible or inaccurate information -- presents substantial risks to patient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kaiwen Zuo , Yirui Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from hallucination problems, which hinder their reliability in sensitive applications. In the black-box setting, several self-consistency-based techniques have been proposed for hallucination detection.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yihao Xue , Kristjan Greenewald , Youssef Mroueh , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Hallucination issues continue to affect multimodal large language models (MLLMs), with existing research mainly addressing object-level or attribute-level hallucinations, neglecting the more complex relation hallucinations that require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kening Zheng , Junkai Chen , Yibo Yan , Xin Zou , Xuming Hu

Hallucination has been a major problem for large language models and remains a critical challenge when it comes to multimodality in which vision-language models (VLMs) have to deal with not just textual but also visual inputs. Despite rapid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zhecan Wang , Garrett Bingham , Adams Yu , Quoc Le , Thang Luong , Golnaz Ghiasi

In recent years, large-scale language models (LLMs) have gained attention for their impressive text generation capabilities. However, these models often face the challenge of "hallucination," which undermines their reliability. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuchen Yang , Houqiang Li , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse AI applications is proof of the outstanding achievements obtained in several tasks, such as text mining, text generation, and question answering. However, LLMs are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Bruno , Pier Luigi Mazzeo , Aladine Chetouani , Marouane Tliba , Mohamed Amine Kerkouri

Recent work has demonstrated state-of-the-art results in large language model (LLM) hallucination detection and mitigation through consistency-based approaches which involve aggregating multiple responses sampled from a single LLM for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Demian Till , John Smeaton , Peter Haubrick , Gouse Saheb , Florian Graef , David Berman

While many capabilities of language models (LMs) improve with increased training budget, the influence of scale on hallucinations is not yet fully understood. Hallucinations come in many forms, and there is no universally accepted…

Hallucination remains a critical challenge for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in finance. Accurate extraction and precise calculation from tabular data are essential for reliable financial analysis, since even minor numerical errors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mengao Zhang , Jiayu Fu , Tanya Warrier , Yuwen Wang , Tianhui Tan , Ke-wei Huang

In the age of misinformation, hallucination - the tendency of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate non-factual or unfaithful responses - represents the main risk for their global utility. Despite LLMs becoming increasingly multilingual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Saad Obaid ul Islam , Anne Lauscher , Goran Glavaš

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have made significant progress in recent years. While LVLMs exhibit excellent ability in language understanding, question answering, and conversations of visual inputs, they are prone to producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Qing Li , Jiahui Geng , Chenyang Lyu , Derui Zhu , Maxim Panov , Fakhri Karray

Despite their success, large language models (LLMs) face the critical challenge of hallucinations, generating plausible but incorrect content. While much research has focused on hallucinations in multiple modalities including images and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Nan Jiang , Qi Li , Lin Tan , Tianyi Zhang

Despite advancements in grounded content generation, production Large Language Models (LLMs) based applications still suffer from hallucinated answers. We present "Grounded in Context" - a member of Deepchecks' ORION (Output Reasoning-based…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on vast and diverse internet corpora that often include inaccurate or misleading content. Consequently, LLMs can generate misinformation, making robust fact-checking essential. This review…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, yet they are prone to generating factually incorrect outputs - commonly known as "hallucinations." Among existing mitigation strategies, uncertainty-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Samir Abdaljalil , Hasan Kurban , Parichit Sharma , Erchin Serpedin , Rachad Atat

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks following human alignment, they may still generate responses that sound plausible but contradict factual knowledge, a phenomenon known as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Fanqi Wan , Xinting Huang , Leyang Cui , Xiaojun Quan , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) can make up answers that are not real, and this is known as hallucination. This research aims to see if, how, and to what extent LLMs are aware of hallucination. More specifically, we check whether and how an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam