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Large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed in multiple scenarios due to reasoning capabilities. In order to prevent the models from being misused, watermarking is generally employed to ensure ownership. However, most existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ziming Zhang , Li Li , Guorui Feng , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique for detecting texts generated by LLMs. Current research has primarily focused on three design criteria: high quality of the watermarked text, high detectability, and robustness against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yang Zhang , Yuheng Bu , Shiyu Chang

Deepfakes generated by modern generative models pose a serious threat to information integrity, digital identity, and public trust. Existing detection methods are largely reactive, attempting to identify manipulations after they occur and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Bibek Das , Chandranath Adak , Soumi Chattopadhyay , Zahid Akhtar , Soumya Dutta

We consider the problem of joint source and channel coding of structured data such as natural language over a noisy channel. The typical approach to this problem in both theory and practice involves performing source coding to first…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Nariman Farsad , Milind Rao , Andrea Goldsmith

Recent developments in the field of deep learning have motivated many researchers to apply these methods to problems in quantum information. Torlai and Melko first proposed a decoder for surface codes based on neural networks. Since then,…

Generative models have rapidly evolved to generate realistic outputs. However, their synthetic outputs increasingly challenge the clear distinction between natural and AI-generated content, necessitating robust watermarking techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kasra Arabi , R. Teal Witter , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

Distinguishing AI-generated code from human-written code is becoming crucial for tasks such as authorship attribution, content tracking, and misuse detection. Based on this, N-gram-based watermarking schemes have emerged as prominent, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Gehao Zhang , Eugene Bagdasarian , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to detect synthetic text, mitigating misuse cases like fake news and academic dishonesty. While existing watermarking detection techniques primarily focus on classifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xuandong Zhao , Chenwen Liao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

Digital watermark is a commonly used technique to protect the copyright of medias. Simultaneously, to increase the robustness of watermark, attacking technique, such as watermark removal, also gets the attention from the community. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Xiaodong Cun , Chi-Man Pun

Rapid advancements in video diffusion models have enabled the creation of realistic videos, raising concerns about unauthorized use and driving the demand for techniques to protect model ownership. Existing watermarking methods, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 MinHyuk Jang , Youngdong Jang , JaeHyeok Lee , Feng Yang , Gyeongrok Oh , Jongheon Jeong , Sangpil Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the usability of AI-generated code, providing effective assistance to programmers. This advancement also raises ethical and legal concerns, such as academic dishonesty or the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Boquan Li , Zirui Fu , Mengdi Zhang , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun , Xingmei Wang

Digital watermarks have been considered a promising way to fight software piracy. Graph-based watermarking schemes encode authorship/ownership data as control-flow graph of dummy code. In 2012, Chroni and Nikolopoulos developed an ingenious…

In continuation to earlier works where the problem of joint information embedding and lossless compression (of the composite signal) was studied in the absence \cite{MM03} and in the presence \cite{MM04} of attacks, here we consider the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Neri Merhav

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark covertly on a cover-image. To dynamically adapt image watermarking algorithms, deep learning-based image watermarking schemes have attracted increased…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Pei-Chi Huang , Spyridon Mastorakis , Frank Y. Shih

Speaker anonymization aims to suppress speaker individuality to protect privacy in speech while preserving the other aspects, such as speech content. One effective solution for anonymization is to modify the McAdams coefficient. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Candy Olivia Mawalim , Masashi Unoki

Detecting whether copyright holders' works were used in LLM pretraining is poised to be an important problem. This work proposes using data watermarks to enable principled detection with only black-box model access, provided that the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Ryan Yixiang Wang , Robin Jia

Watermarking, the practice of embedding imperceptible information into media such as images, videos, audio, and text, is essential for intellectual property protection, content provenance and attribution. The growing complexity of digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Aleksandar Petrov , Shruti Agarwal , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi , John Collomosse

The proliferation of AI-generated content has facilitated sophisticated face manipulation, severely undermining visual integrity and posing unprecedented challenges to intellectual property. In response, a common proactive defense leverages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haonan An , Xiaohui Ye , Guang Hua , Yihang Tao , Hangcheng Cao , Xiangyu Yu , Yuguang Fang

Recent advances in image authenticity have primarily focused on deepfake detection and localization, leaving recovery of tampered contents for factual retrieval relatively underexplored. We propose a unified hidden-code recovery framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuan-Chih Chen , Chun-Shien Lu

Recently, point clouds have been widely used in computer vision, whereas their collection is time-consuming and expensive. As such, point cloud datasets are the valuable intellectual property of their owners and deserve protection. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Cheng Wei , Yang Wang , Kuofeng Gao , Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Zhibo Wang , Zhan Qin