Related papers: Classification of algebraic tangles
We provide a classification of entangled states that uses new discrete entanglement invariants. The invariants are defined by algebraic properties of linear maps associated with the states. We prove a theorem on a correspondence between the…
The aim of this note is to characterize those doubly ordered frames $\langle X, \leq_1, \leq_2 \rangle$ which are embeddable into the canonical frame of its Urquhart complex algebra.
Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, learns from previous experience to optimize performance, which is ubiquitous in various fields such as computer sciences, financial analysis, robotics, and bioinformatics. A challenge…
We discuss the possibility of the existence of finite algorithms that may give distinct knot classes. In particular we present two attempts for such algorithms which seem promising, one based on knot projections on a plane, the other on…
Historically originated as a sub-field of topology, knot theory is an active area of mathematical investigation that has strong connections with a diverse set of scientific fields such as algebra, biology, and statistical mechanics. A…
In this article we discuss applications of neural networks to recognising knots and, in particular, to the unknotting problem. One of motivations for this study is to understand how neural networks work on the example of a problem for which…
This article is an expository account of the theory of twisted commutative algebras, which simply put, can be thought of as a theory for handling commutative algebras with large groups of linear symmetries. Examples include the coordinate…
As a supplement to the authors' article "Prime knots with arc index up to 11 and an upper bound of arc index for non-alternating knots", to appear in the Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications, we present minimal arc presentations of…
We develop a purely combinatorial framework for the systematic enumeration of knot and link diagrams supported on the thickened torus $T^2\times I$. Using the theory of maps on surfaces, cellular $4$--regular torus projections are encoded…
The affine Hecke algebra $\dot H_n$ of type $A$ is often presented as a quotient of the braid algebra of $n$-braids in the annulus. This leads to diagrammatic representations in terms of braids in the annulus, subject to a quadratic…
We investigate bicomplex analogues of fundamental notions from classical algebraic number theory. In particular, we show that the primitive element theorem admits a natural generalization to bicomplex extensions, giving rise to two distinct…
A table of the families of alternating knots formed by conways is presented. The Conway's function is shown with the use of linear algebra in terms of natural numbers, called conways, that represent the number of crossings along a…
This paper studies an algebraic invariant of virtual knots called the biquandle. The biquandle generalizes the fundamental group and the quandle of virtual knots. The approach taken in this paper to the biquandle emphasizes understanding…
The topological string interpretation of homological knot invariants has led to several insights into the structure of the theory in the case of sl(N). We study possible extensions of the matrix factorization approach to knot homology for…
We introduce a new invariant of tangles along with an algebraic framework in which to understand it. We claim that the invariant contains the classical Alexander polynomial of knots and its multivariable extension to links. We argue that of…
Virtual knot theory is a generalization (discovered by the author in 1996) of knot theory to the study of all oriented Gauss codes. (Classical knot theory is a study of planar Gauss codes.) Graph theory studies non-planar graphs via…
The motivation of this work is to define cohomology classes in the space of knots that are both easy to find and to evaluate, by reducing the problem to simple linear algebra. We achieve this goal by defining a combinatorial graded cochain…
A planar Tangle is a smooth simple closed curve piecewise defined by quadrants of circles with constant curvature. We can enumerate Tangles by counting their dual graphs, which consist of a certain family of polysticks. The number of…
We take a categorical approach to describe ternary derivations and ternary automorphisms of triangular algebras. New classes of automorphisms and derivations of triangular algebras are also introduced and studied.
This article contains a review of categorifications of semisimple representations of various rings via abelian categories and exact endofunctors on them. A simple definition of an abelian categorification is presented and illustrated with…