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The Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) has emerged as a critical direction for achieving effective connectivity as the IoT system evolves to 6G. However, the introduction of A-IoT technologies, particularly involving backscatter modulation,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Kan Zheng , Rongtao Xu , Jie Mei , Haojun Yang , Lei Lei , Xianbin Wang

The IMT-2030 framework provides the vision and conceptual foundation for the next-generation of mobile broadband systems, colloquially known as Sixth-Generation (6G) cellular networks. Academic circles, industry players, and Standard…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ekram Hossain , Angelo Vera-Rivera

The global 6G vision has taken its shape after years of international research and development efforts. This work culminated in ITU-R Recommendation on "IMT-2030 Framework". While the definition phase of technological requirements is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Harri Pennanen , Tuomo Hänninen , Oskari Tervo , Antti Tölli , Matti Latva-aho

Network Digital Twins (NDTs) enable safe what-if analysis for 6G cloud-edge infrastructures, but adoption is often limited by fragmented workflows from telemetry to validation. We present a data-driven NDT framework that extends 6G-TWIN…

The transition to 6G has driven significant updates to the 3GPP channel model, particularly in modeling UE antennas and user-induced blockage for handheld devices. The 3GPP Rel.19 revision of TR 38.901 introduces a more realistic framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Simon Svendsen , Dimitri Gold , Christian Rom , Volker Pauli , Vuokko Nurmela

There has been an exponential increase in the usage of multimedia services in mobile networks in recent years. To address this accelerating data demand, mobile networks are experiencing a subtle transformation in their architecture. One of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Rashmi Yadav , Rashmi Kamran , Pranav Jha , Abhay Karandikar

The rise of 5G/6G network technologies promises to enable applications like autonomous vehicles and virtual reality, resulting in a significant increase in connected devices and necessarily complicating network management. Even worse, these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Blessed Guda , Carlee Joe-Wong

The quest for ubiquitous mobile coverage has catalyzed two fundamentally distinct architectural paradigms: Direct-to-Cell (D2C) and standardized 3GPP Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). D2C, pioneered by SpaceX Starlink and AST SpaceMobile,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Donglin Wang , Anjie Qiu , Qiuheng Zhou , Hans D. Schotten

Sixth-Generation (6G) technologies will revolutionize the wireless ecosystem by enabling the delivery of futuristic services through terrestrial and non-terrestrial transmissions. In this context, the Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Giuseppe Araniti , Antonio Iera , Sara Pizzi , Federica Rinaldi

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication network is expected to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a robust network which would be more reliable, fast, and can support a massive number of devices…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-19 Muhammad Waseem Akhtar , Syed Ali Hassan , Rizwan Ghaffar , Haejoon Jung , Sahil Garg , M. Shamim Hossain

Air interface is a fundamental component within any wireless communication system. In Release 18, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) delves into the possibilities of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Xingqin Lin

The widespread adoption of the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks has brought new opportunities for the development of localization-based services. High-accuracy positioning use cases and functionalities defined by the standards are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Lorenzo Italiano , Bernardo Camajori Tedeschini , Mattia Brambilla , Huiping Huang , Monica Nicoli , Henk Wymeersch

Since the start of 5G work in 3GPP in early 2016, tremendous progress has been made in both standardization and commercial deployments. 3GPP is now entering the second phase of 5G standardization, known as 5G-Advanced, built on the 5G…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Wanshi Chen , Xingqin Lin , Juho Lee , Antti Toskala , Shu Sun , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini , Lingjia Liu

As 6G research advances, the growing demand leads to the emergence of novel technologies such as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), new antenna arrays like extremely large MIMO (XL-MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Huiwen Gong , Jianhua Zhang , Yuxiang Zhang , Guangyi Liu

6G will revolutionize the software world allowing faster cellular communications and a massive number of connected devices. 6G will enable a shift towards a continuous edge-to-cloud architecture. Current cloud solutions, where all the data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ruoyu Su , Xiaozhou Li , Davide Taibi

The integration of digital twinning technologies is driving next-generation networks toward new capabilities, allowing operators to thoroughly understand network conditions, efficiently analyze valuable radio data, and innovate applications…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zifan Zhang , Minghong Fang , Mingzhe Chen , Yuchen Liu

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the standards body for mobile networks, is in the final phase of Release 19 standardization and is beginning Release 20. Artificial Intelligence/ Machine Learning (AI/ML) has brought about a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Pradnya Taksande , Shwetha Kiran , Pranav Jha , Prasanna Chaporkar

Semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for future 6G networks, offering task-oriented and meaning-aware transmission that fundamentally redefines traditional bit-centric design. Recognized by leading…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Ping Zhang , Xiaodong Xu , Mengying Sun , Haixiao Gao , Nan Ma , Xiaoyun Wang , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Dusit Niyato

Today, 5G networks are being worldwide rolled out, with significant benefits in our economy and society. However, 5G systems alone are not expected to be sufficient for the challenges that 2030 networks will experience, including, e.g.,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Alessandro Guidotti , Alessandro Vanelli-Coralli , Vincenzo Schena , Nicolas Chuberre , Mohamed El Jaafari , Jani Puttonen , Stefano Cioni

Extended reality (XR) is a key innovation of 5G-advanced and beyond networks. The diverse XR use-cases, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, transform the way humans interact with surrounding environments. Thus,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-08 Ali A. Esswie , Morris Repeta