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Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to a continuous stream of tasks is a critical yet challenging endeavor. While Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become a standard for this, they face a fundamental dilemma in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haeyong Kang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have recently advanced the scalability and adaptability of large language models (LLMs) for continual multimodal learning. However, efficiently extending these models to accommodate sequential tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Hengyuan Zhao , Ziqin Wang , Qixin Sun , Kaiyou Song , Yilin Li , Xiaolin Hu , Qingpei Guo , Si Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter significant challenges in continual learning due to catastrophic forgetting, where new information overwrites previously acquired knowledge. This limitation leads to substantial environmental and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Min Jae Jung , JooHee Kim

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has led to the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures that dynamically leverage specialized subnetworks for improved efficiency and performance. Despite their benefits, MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ruisi Cai , Yeonju Ro , Geon-Woo Kim , Peihao Wang , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi , Aditya Akella , Zhangyang Wang

Class-incremental learning is becoming more popular as it helps models widen their applicability while not forgetting what they already know. A trend in this area is to use a mixture-of-expert technique, where different models work together…

Recent advancements in LLMs unlearning have shown remarkable success in removing unwanted data-model influences while preserving the model's utility for legitimate knowledge. Despite these strides, sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLMs--a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haomin Zhuang , Yihua Zhang , Kehan Guo , Jinghan Jia , Gaowen Liu , Sijia Liu , Xiangliang Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures employ sparse activation to deliver faster training and inference with higher accuracy than dense LLMs. However, in production serving, MoE models require batch inference to optimize hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Juntong Wu , Jialiang Cheng , Fuyu Lv , Ou Dan , Li Yuan

Continual learning (CL) has garnered significant attention because of its ability to adapt to new tasks that arrive over time. Catastrophic forgetting (of old tasks) has been identified as a major issue in CL, as the model adapts to new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hongbo Li , Sen Lin , Lingjie Duan , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Pretraining on a large-scale corpus has become a standard method to build general language models (LMs). Adapting a model to new data distributions targeting different downstream tasks poses significant challenges. Naive fine-tuning may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Wuyang Chen , Yanqi Zhou , Nan Du , Yanping Huang , James Laudon , Zhifeng Chen , Claire Cu

Continual learning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is hindered by the plasticity-stability dilemma, where acquiring new capabilities often leads to catastrophic forgetting of previous knowledge. Existing methods typically treat parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fatema Siddika , Md Anwar Hossen , Tanwi Mallick , Ali Jannesari

Achieving self-evolution in intelligent agents requires the continual accumulation of new knowledge across changing task sequences without forgetting previously acquired abilities. Existing approaches either internalize knowledge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Dianzhi Yu , Vireo Zhang , Hongru Wang , Yanyu Chen , Minda Hu , Wanghan Xu , Siki Chen , Philip Torr , Zhenfei Yin , Irwin King

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major obstacle to continual learning in large language models (LLMs) and vision--language models (VLMs). Although Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer an efficient path to scaling, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yang Liu , Toan Nguyen , Flora D. Salim

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables efficient training of large language models by routing input tokens to a select number of experts. However, training SMoE remains challenging due to the issue of representation collapse. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

In this study, we report, for the first time, the discovery and systematic investigation of a distinct subset of experts that play a pivotal role in the MoE LLMs' forward inference. These experts are prevalent in open-source MoE LLMs, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zunhai Su , Qingyuan Li , Hao Zhang , Weihao Ye , Qibo Xue , YuLei Qian , Yuchen Xie , Ngai Wong , Kehong Yuan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Large language models (LLMs) are largely static and often redo reasoning or repeat mistakes. Prior experience reuse typically relies on external retrieval, which is similarity-based, can introduce noise, and adds latency. We introduce SEAM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xuancheng Li , Haitao Li , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, but their monolithic nature presents challenges in terms of scalability, cost, and customization. This paper introduces the Composition of Experts (CoE), a modular compound…

Continually expanding new languages for existing large language models (LLMs) is a promising yet challenging approach to building powerful multilingual LLMs. The biggest challenge is to make the model continuously learn new languages while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising approach to scale Large Language Models (LLMs). MoE boosts the efficiency by activating a subset of experts per token. Recent works show that fine-grained experts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zheyue Tan , Zhiyuan Li , Tao Yuan , Dong Zhou , Weilin Liu , Yueqing Zhuang , Yadong Li , Guowei Niu , Cheng Qin , Zhuyu Yao , Congyi Liu , Haiyang Xu , Boxun Li , Guohao Dai , Bo Zhao , Yu Wang

Optimizing various wireless user tasks poses a significant challenge for networking systems because of the expanding range of user requirements. Despite advancements in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), the need for customized optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hongyang Du , Guangyuan Liu , Yijing Lin , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Dong In Kim
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