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This article presents Platform Adaptive Locomotion (PAL), a unified control method for quadrupedal robots with different morphologies and dynamics. We leverage deep reinforcement learning to train a single locomotion policy on procedurally…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-11 David Rytz , Suyoung Choi , Wanming Yu , Wolfgang Merkt , Jemin Hwangbo , Ioannis Havoutis

Executing open-ended natural language queries is a core problem in robotics. While recent advances in imitation learning and vision-language-actions models (VLAs) have enabled promising end-to-end policies, these models struggle when faced…

Humans can collaborate and complete tasks based on visual signals and instruction from the environment. Training such a robot is difficult especially due to the understanding of the instruction and the complicated environment. Previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Kairui Zhou

The integration of large language models (LLMs) with embodied agents has improved high-level reasoning capabilities; however, a critical gap remains between semantic understanding and physical execution. While vision-language-action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rongfeng Zhao , Xuanhao Zhang , Zhaochen Guo , Xiang Shao , Zhongpan Zhu , Bin He , Jie Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a compelling framework for tackling complex robotic manipulation tasks, but they are often expensive to train. In this paper, we propose a novel VLA approach that leverages the competitive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Max Argus , Jelena Bratulic , Houman Masnavi , Maxim Velikanov , Nick Heppert , Abhinav Valada , Thomas Brox

Despite great strides in language-guided manipulation, existing work has been constrained to table-top settings. Table-tops allow for perfect and consistent camera angles, properties are that do not hold in mobile manipulation. Task plans…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Priyam Parashar , Vidhi Jain , Xiaohan Zhang , Jay Vakil , Sam Powers , Yonatan Bisk , Chris Paxton

Open-Ended Learning (OEL) autonomous robots can acquire new skills and knowledge through direct interaction with their environment, relying on mechanisms such as intrinsic motivations and self-generated goals to guide learning processes.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Emilio Cartoni , Gianluca Cioccolini , Gianluca Baldassarre

Recent agentic systems demonstrate that large language models can generate scientific visualizations from natural language. However, reliability remains a major limitation: systems may execute invalid operations, introduce subtle but…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Nathaniel Gorski , Shusen Liu , Bei Wang

Bridging the gap between natural language commands and autonomous execution in unstructured environments remains an open challenge for robotics. This requires robots to perceive and reason over the current task scene through multiple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jin Wang , Kim Tien Ly , Jacques Cloete , Nikos Tsagarakis , Ioannis Havoutis

Physical reasoning is important for effective robot manipulation. Recent work has investigated both vision and language modalities for physical reasoning; vision can reveal information about objects in the environment and language serves as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Samson Yu , Kelvin Lin , Anxing Xiao , Jiafei Duan , Harold Soh

Current embodied intelligent systems still face a substantial gap between high-level reasoning and low-level physical execution in open-world environments. Although Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide strong perception and intuitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Dongjie Huo , Haoyun Liu , Guoqing Liu , Dekang Qi , Zhiming Sun , Maoguo Gao , Jianxin He , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Feng Xiong , Xing Wei , Zhiheng Ma , Mu Xu

Pool-based active learning (AL) is a promising technology for increasing data-efficiency of machine learning models. However, surveys show that performance of recent AL methods is very sensitive to the choice of dataset and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Tim Bakker , Herke van Hoof , Max Welling

Recent vision-language-action models (VLAs) build upon pretrained vision-language models and leverage diverse robot datasets to demonstrate strong task execution, language following ability, and semantic generalization. Despite these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Moo Jin Kim , Chelsea Finn , Percy Liang

Humans possess a unified cognitive ability to perceive, comprehend, and interact with the physical world. Why can't large language models replicate this holistic understanding? Through a systematic analysis of existing training paradigms in…

Learned language-conditioned robot policies often struggle to effectively adapt to new real-world tasks even when pre-trained across a diverse set of instructions. We propose a novel approach for few-shot adaptation to unseen tasks that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Vivek Myers , Bill Chunyuan Zheng , Oier Mees , Sergey Levine , Kuan Fang

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Building embodied agents on integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) have revolutionized human-AI interaction: researchers can now leverage language instructions to plan decision-making for open-ended tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Shaopeng Zhai , Jie Wang , Tianyi Zhang , Fuxian Huang , Qi Zhang , Ming Zhou , Jing Hou , Yu Qiao , Yu Liu

Mixed cooperative-competitive control scenarios such as human-machine interaction with individual goals of the interacting partners are very challenging for reinforcement learning agents. In order to contribute towards intuitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-03 Florian Köpf , Alexander Nitsch , Michael Flad , Sören Hohmann

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path to realizing generalist embodied agents that can quickly adapt to new tasks, modalities, and environments. However, methods for interpreting and steering VLAs fall far short of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bear Häon , Kaylene Stocking , Ian Chuang , Claire Tomlin

Object Goal Navigation (ObjectNav) refers to an agent navigating to an object in an unseen environment, which is an ability often required in the accomplishment of complex tasks. While existing methods demonstrate proficiency in isolated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jiahua Pei , Yi Liu , Guoping Pan , Yuanhao Jiang , Houde Liu , Xueqian Wang