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Related papers: Cooperative Dilemmas in Rational Debate

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Multi-agent debate - multiple instances of large language models discussing problems in turn-based interaction - has shown promise for solving knowledge and reasoning tasks. However, these methods show limitations when solving complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jonas Becker , Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Andreas Stephan , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Determining an individual's strategic reasoning capability based solely on choice data is a complex task. This complexity arises because sophisticated players might have non-equilibrium beliefs about others, leading to non-equilibrium…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-04 Wei James Chen , Meng-Jhang Fong , Po-Hsuan Lin

Recent debates over adults' theory of mind use have been fueled by surprising failures of perspective-taking in communication, suggesting that perspective-taking can be relatively effortful. How, then, should speakers and listeners allocate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Robert D. Hawkins , Hyowon Gweon , Noah D. Goodman

Counterfactual explanations provide individuals with cost-optimal recommendations to achieve their desired outcomes. However, when a significant number of individuals seek similar state modifications, this individual-centric approach can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ahmad-Reza Ehyaei , Ali Shirali , Samira Samadi

Counterfactual Thinking is a human cognitive ability studied in a wide variety of domains. It captures the process of reasoning about a past event that did not occur, namely what would have happened had this event occurred, or, otherwise,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Luis Moniz Pereira , Francisco C. Santos

Consensus decision-making in social groups strongly depends on communication links that determine to whom individuals send, and from whom they receive, information. Here, we ask how consensus decisions are affected by strategic updating of…

We study conflict situations that dynamically arise in traffic scenarios, where different agents try to achieve their set of goals and have to decide on what to do based on their local perception. We distinguish several types of conflicts…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Werner Damm , Martin Fränzle , Willem Hagemann , Paul Kröger , Astrid Rakow

The core premise of AI debate as a scalable oversight technique is that it is harder to lie convincingly than to refute a lie, enabling the judge to identify the correct position. Yet, existing debate experiments have relied on datasets…

Although cooperation is central to the organisation of many social systems, relatively little is known about cooperation in situations of collective emergency. When groups of people flee from a danger such as a burning building or a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-09-20 Mehdi Moussaid , Mareike Trauernicht

As AI grows more powerful, it will increasingly shape how we understand the world. But with this influence comes the risk of amplifying misinformation and deepening social divides-especially on consequential topics where factual accuracy…

With the exponential growth of research facilitated by modern technology and improved accessibility, scientific discoveries have become increasingly fragmented within and across fields. This makes it challenging to assess the significance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Priyanka Kargupta , Ishika Agarwal , Tal August , Jiawei Han

Opinion polarization is on the rise, causing concerns for the openness of public debates. Additionally, extreme opinions on different topics often show significant correlations. The dynamics leading to these polarized ideological opinions…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-02-03 Fabian Baumann , Philipp Lorenz-Spreen , Igor M. Sokolov , Michele Starnini

Frequently we revise our first opinions after talking over with other individuals because we get convinced. Argumentation is a verbal and social process aimed at convincing. It includes conversation and persuasion. In this case, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-04-26 Juan Pablo Pinasco , Viktoriya Semeshenko , Pablo Balenzuela

Many experiments elicit subjects' prior and posterior beliefs about a random variable to assess how information affects one's own actions. However, beliefs are multi-dimensional objects, and experimenters often only elicit a single response…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-10-25 Nathan Canen , Anujit Chakraborty

This paper explores the impact of variable pragmatic competence on communicative success through simulating language learning and conversing between speakers and listeners with different levels of reasoning abilities. Through studying this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Kata Naszadi , Frans A. Oliehoek , Christof Monz

Humans engage in informal debates on a daily basis. By expressing their opinions and ideas in an argumentative fashion, they are able to gain a deeper understanding of a given problem and in some cases, find the best possible course of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Ria Jha , Francesco Belardinelli , Francesca Toni

When people choose what messages to send to others, they often consider how others will interpret the messages. A sender may expect a receiver to engage in motivated reasoning, leading the receiver to trust good news more than bad news,…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-02 Michael Thaler

In science as elsewhere, attention is a limited resource and scientists compete with one another to produce the most exciting, novel and impactful results. We develop a game-theoretic model to explore how such competition influences the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-09 Kevin Gross , Carl T. Bergstrom

Research on belief formation has produced contradictory findings on whether and when communication between group members will improve the accuracy of numeric estimates such as economic forecasts, medical diagnoses, and job candidate…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-09 Joshua Becker , Abdullah Almaatouq , Emőke-Ágnes Horvát

Multi-agent debate, where teams of LLMs iteratively exchange rationales and vote on answers, is widely deployed under the assumption that peer review filters hallucinations. Yet the failure dynamics of homogeneous debate remain poorly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Blaž Bertalanič , Carolina Fortuna