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Neuromorphic hardware aims to leverage distributed computing and event-driven circuit design to achieve an energy-efficient AI system. The name "neuromorphic" is derived from its spiking and local computing nature, which mimics the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhenhui Chen , Haoran Xu , Yangfan Hu , Xiaofei Jin , Xinyu Li , Ziyang Kang , Gang Pan , De Ma

Mixed-signal artificial neural networks (ANNs) that employ analog matrix-multiplication accelerators can achieve higher speed and improved power efficiency. Though analog computing is known to be susceptible to noise and device…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Joseph Ulseth , Zheyuan Zhu , Guifang Li , Shuo Pang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer advantages in computational efficiency via event-driven computing, compared to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs). While direct training methods tackle the challenge of non-differentiable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hangming Zhang , Zheng Li , Qiang Yu

Emerged as a biology-inspired method, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) mimic the spiking nature of brain neurons and have received lots of research attention. SNNs deal with binary spikes as their activation and therefore derive extreme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yufei Guo , Weihang Peng , Yuanpei Chen , Liwen Zhang , Xiaode Liu , Xuhui Huang , Zhe Ma

Quantized neural networks (QNNs) are being actively researched as a solution for the computational complexity and memory intensity of deep neural networks. This has sparked efforts to develop algorithms that support both inference and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Tzofnat Greenberg Toledo , Ben Perach , Itay Hubara , Daniel Soudry , Shahar Kvatinsky

With recent advancing of Internet of Things (IoTs), it becomes very attractive to implement the deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) onto embedded/portable systems. Presently, executing the software-based DCNNs requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-01 Ao Ren , Ji Li , Zhe Li , Caiwen Ding , Xuehai Qian , Qinru Qiu , Bo Yuan , Yanzhi Wang

Deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) can represent a wide range of complex functions. Implementing ANNs in Von Neumann computing systems, though, incurs a high energy cost due to the bottleneck created between CPU and memory.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-21 John Mern , Jayesh K Gupta , Mykel Kochenderfer

Weight quantization is used to deploy high-performance deep learning models on resource-limited hardware, enabling the use of low-precision integers for storage and computation. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) share the goal of enhancing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sreyes Venkatesh , Razvan Marinescu , Jason K. Eshraghian

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are a class of bio-inspired neural networks that promise to bring low-power and low-latency inference to edge devices through asynchronous and sparse processing. However, being temporal models, SNNs depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Asude Aydin , Mathias Gehrig , Daniel Gehrig , Davide Scaramuzza

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are well suited for resource-constrained applications as they do not need expensive multipliers. In a typical rate-encoded SNN, a series of binary spikes within a globally fixed time window is used to fire the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Zhanglu Yan , Jun Zhou , Weng-Fai Wong

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biology-inspired artificial neural networks (ANNs) that comprise of spiking neurons to process asynchronous discrete signals. While more efficient in power consumption and inference speed on the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Shikuang Deng , Shi Gu

We introduce a method to train Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) --- neural networks with extremely low precision (e.g., 1-bit) weights and activations, at run-time. At train-time the quantized weights and activations are used for computing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Itay Hubara , Matthieu Courbariaux , Daniel Soudry , Ran El-Yaniv , Yoshua Bengio

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been put forward as an energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) since they perform sparse Accumulate operations instead of the power-hungry Multiply-and-Accumulate operations.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Pranav Ramesh , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan

Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) refer to a class of neural network models equipped with external memory (such as neural Turing machines and memory networks). These neural networks outperform conventional recurrent neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Seongsik Park , Seijoon Kim , Seil Lee , Ho Bae , Sungroh Yoon

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising substitute for Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) due to their advantages of fast inference and low power consumption. However, the lack of efficient training algorithms has hindered…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Tong Bu , Maohua Li , Zhaofei Yu

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in numerous tasks, but deployment in resource-constrained environments remains a challenge due to their high computational and memory requirements. Spiking neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chang Liu , Jiangrong Shen , Xuming Ran , Mingkun Xu , Qi Xu , Yi Xu , Gang Pan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently attracted widespread research interest as an efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) because of their capability to process sparse and binary spike information and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yuhang Li , Abhishek Moitra , Tamar Geller , Priyadarshini Panda

Traditional von Neumann architecture based processors become inefficient in terms of energy and throughput as they involve separate processing and memory units, also known as~\textit{memory wall}. The memory wall problem is further…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Abhash Kumar , Jawar Singh , Sai Manohar Beeraka , Bharat Gupta

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising for low-power computation due to their event-driven mechanism but often suffer from lower accuracy compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). ANN-to-SNN knowledge distillation can improve SNN…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Di Hong , Yueming Wang

The proliferation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has led to increased energy consumption, raising concerns about their sustainability. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), which are inspired by biological neural systems and operate using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Lucas Deckers , Benjamin Vandersmissen , Ing Jyh Tsang , Werner Van Leekwijck , Steven Latré