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We study resource allocation in two-sided markets from a fundamental perspective and introduce a general modeling and algorithmic framework to effectively incorporate the complex and multidimensional aspects of fairness. Our main technical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Javier Cembrano , Andrés Moraga , Victor Verdugo

Two-sided platforms are central to modern commerce and content sharing and often utilize A/B testing for developing new features. While user-side experiments are common, seller-side experiments become crucial for specific interventions and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-12 Zhihua Zhu , Zheng Cai , Liang Zheng , Nian Si

Two-sample tests with censored outcomes are a classical topic in statistics with wide use even in cutting edge applications. There are at least two modes of inference used to justify two-sample tests. One is usual superpopulation inference…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Xinran Li , Dylan S. Small

We consider the problem of two-sample testing in a semi-supervised setting with abundant unlabeled covariate data. Standard two-sample tests neglect covariate information, which has the potential to significantly boost performance. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Gyumin Lee , Shubhanshu Shekhar , Ilmun Kim

In medical research, a scenario often entertained is randomized controlled $2^2$ factorial design with a binary outcome. By utilizing the concept of potential outcomes, Dasgupta et al. (2015) proposed a randomization-based causal inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-15 Jiannan Lu

Completely randomized experiments, originally developed by Fisher and Neyman in the 1930s, are still widely used in practice, even in online experimentation. However, such designs are of limited value for answering standard questions in…

Adaptive experiments are becoming increasingly popular in real-world applications for effectively maximizing in-sample welfare and efficiency by data-driven sampling. Despite their growing prevalence, however, the statistical foundations…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Ziang Niu , Zhimei Ren

Two-sided matching markets describe a large class of problems wherein participants from one side of the market must be matched to those from the other side according to their preferences. In many real-world applications (e.g. content…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Hadi Hosseini , Sanjukta Roy , Duohan Zhang

We develop inference for a two-sided matching model where the characteristics of agents on one side of the market are endogenous due to pre-matching investments. The model can be used to measure the impact of frictions in labour markets…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-08-28 Jacob Schwartz

We study the problems of sequential nonparametric two-sample and independence testing. Sequential tests process data online and allow using observed data to decide whether to stop and reject the null hypothesis or to collect more data,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-21 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

Whole-brain network analyses remain the vanguard in neuroimaging research, coming to prominence within the last decade. Network science approaches have facilitated these analyses and allowed examining the brain as an integrated system.…

Applications · Statistics 2015-05-04 Sean L. Simpson , Paul J. Laurienti

Classical randomized experiments, equipped with randomization-based inference, provide assumption-free inference for treatment effects. They have been the gold standard for drawing causal inference and provide excellent internal validity.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-22 Zihao Yang , Tianyi Qu , Xinran Li

The stochastic block model is a popular tool for detecting community structures in network data. Detecting the difference between two community structures is an important issue for stochastic block models. However, the two-sample test has…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-21 Kang Fu , Jianwei Hu , Seydou Keita , Hao Liu

In this review, we present econometric and statistical methods for analyzing randomized experiments. For basic experiments we stress randomization-based inference as opposed to sampling-based inference. In randomization-based inference,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

This paper studies analytic inference along two dimensions of clustering. In such setups, the commonly used approach has two drawbacks. First, the corresponding variance estimator is not necessarily positive. Second, inference is invalid in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-20 Laurent Davezies , Xavier D'Haultfœuille , Yannick Guyonvarch

Two-sided matching markets have long existed to pair agents in the absence of regulated exchanges. A common example is school choice, where a matching mechanism uses student and school preferences to assign students to schools. In such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Stefania Ionescu , Yuhao Du , Kenneth Joseph , Anikó Hannák

We study finite-sample inference for the trade-off function of two unknown probability distributions, the function that traces the optimal type I/type II error frontier in binary testing. Given samples from distributions $P$ and $Q$, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Kaining Shi , Qiaosen Wang , Cong Ma

This paper reconsiders the problem of testing the equality of two unspecified continuous distributions. The framework, which we propose, allows for readable and insightful data visualisation and helps to understand and quantify how two…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-04 Bogdan Ćmiel , Teresa Ledwina

The hypothesis of randomness is fundamental in statistical machine learning and in many areas of nonparametric statistics; it says that the observations are assumed to be independent and coming from the same unknown probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-08 Vladimir Vovk

Randomization tests rely on simple data transformations and possess an appealing robustness property. In addition to being finite-sample valid if the data distribution is invariant under the transformation, these tests can be asymptotically…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Panos Toulis