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Lawler and Trujillo Ferreras constructed a well-known coupling between the Brownian loop soups in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and the random walk loop soups on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ (one rescales the random walk loops by $1/N$, their time parametrizations by…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Wei Qian

When studying stochastic processes, it is often fruitful to have an understanding of several different notions of regularity. One such notion is the optimal H\"older exponent obtainable under reparametrization. In this paper, we show that…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-10-19 Brent M. Werness

The Brownian loop soup introduced in Lawler and Werner (2004) is a Poissonian realization from a sigma-finite measure on unrooted loops. This measure satisfies both conformal invariance and a restriction property. In this paper, we define a…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gregory F. Lawler , José A. Trujillo Ferreras

The QCD analytic running coupling alpha_{an} which has no nonphysical singularities for all Q^2>0 is considered for the initial perturbation theory approximations up to four loop order. The finiteness of the analytic coupling at zero is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Aleksey I. Alekseev

We show that the scaling limit of the random walk loop soup on suitable planar graphs is the Brownian loop soup, under a topology on multisets of unrooted, unparameterized, and macroscopic loops. The result holds assuming only convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Yihao Pang

Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE$_\kappa$) is classically studied via Loewner evolution with half-plane capacity parametrization, driven by $\sqrt{\kappa}$ times Brownian motion. This yields a (half-plane) valued random field $\gamma = \gamma…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-13 Peter K. Friz , Huy Tran , Yizheng Yuan

We construct a coupling between a massive GFF and a random curve in which the curve can be interpreted as the level line of the field and has the law of massive SLE$_4$. This coupling is obtained by reweighting the law of the standard…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-07 Léonie Papon

In this article we show the convergence of a loop ensemble of interfaces in the FK Ising model at criticality, as the lattice mesh tends to zero, to a unique conformally invariant scaling limit. The discrete loop ensemble is described by a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-07-02 Antti Kemppainen , Stanislav Smirnov

We postulate the existence of a natural Poissonian marking of the double (touching) points of SLE(6) and hence of the related continuum nonsimple loop process that describes macroscopic cluster boundaries in 2D critical percolation. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Camia , L. R. G. Fontes , C. M. Newman

In the second article of this series, we establish the convergence of the loop ensemble of interfaces in the random cluster Ising model to a conformal loop ensemble (CLE) --- thus completely describing the scaling limit of the model in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-07-02 Antti Kemppainen , Stanislav Smirnov

We consider critical site percolation ($p=p_c=1/2$) on the triangular lattice $\mathbf{T}$ in two dimensions. We show that the simple random walk on the clusters of open vertices converges in the scaling limit to a continuous diffusion…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Irina Đanković , Maarten Markering , Jason Miller , Yizheng Yuan

We construct a conformally invariant random family of closed curves in the plane by welding of random homeomorphisms of the unit circle given in terms of the exponential of Gaussian Free Field. We conjecture that our curves are locally…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2009-12-18 K. Astala , P. Jones , A. Kupiainen , E. Saksman

Stochastic Loewner Evolution (SLE_kappa) has been introduced as a description of the continuum limit of cluster boundaries in two-dimensional critical systems. We show that the problem of N radial SLEs in the unit disc is equivalent to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 John Cardy

The main topic of these lecture notes is the continuum scaling limit of planar lattice models. One reason why this topic occupies an important place in the theory of probability and mathematical statistical physics is that scaling limits…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-12 Federico Camia

SLE(kappa,rho) is a generalisation of Schramm-Loewner evolution which describes planar curves which are statistically self-similar but not conformally invariant in the strict sense. We show that, in the context of boundary conformal field…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John Cardy

We compute analytically and in closed form the four-point correlation function in the plane, and the two-point correlation function in the upper half-plane, of layering vertex operators in the two dimensional conformally invariant system…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Federico Camia , Valentino F. Foit , Alberto Gandolfi , Matthew Kleban

We prove the existence and uniqueness of multiple SLE$_\kappa$ associated with any given link pattern for $\kappa\in (4,6]$. We also have the uniqueness for $\kappa\in (6,8)$. The multiple SLE$_\kappa$ law is constructed by first…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Dapeng Zhan

We study the structure of the Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces that are cut out as one explores a conformal loop-ensemble CLE$_{\kappa'}$ for $\kappa'$ in $(4,8)$ that is drawn on an independent $\gamma$-LQG surface for…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield , Wendelin Werner

Suppose that $\eta$ is a whole-plane space-filling SLE$_\kappa$ for $\kappa \in (4,8)$ from $\infty$ to $\infty$ parameterized by Lebesgue measure and normalized so that $\eta(0) = 0$. For each $T > 0$ and $\kappa \in (4,8)$ we let…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-28 Valeria Ambrosio , Jason Miller

We introduce a natural "massive" version of the Brownian loop soup of Lawler and Werner which displays conformal covariance and exponential decay. We show that this massive Brownian loop soup arises as the near-critical scaling limit of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-12 Federico Camia