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The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem in logistics. Augmented Lagrangian Methods (ALM) for solving CVRP performance depends heavily on well-tuned penalty parameters. In this paper, we propose a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-22 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau

Path planning in dynamic environments is a fundamental challenge in intelligent transportation and robotics, where obstacles and conditions change over time, introducing uncertainty and requiring continuous adaptation. While existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jonas De Maeyer , Hossein Yarahmadi , Moharram Challenger

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) can model many real-world scenarios and often involve complex constraints. While recent neural methods excel in constructing solutions based on feasibility masking, they struggle with handling complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jieyi Bi , Yining Ma , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Yaoxin Wu , Jie Zhang

Conflict-Free Vehicle Routing Problems (CF-VRPs) arise in manufacturing, transportation and logistics facilities where Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are utilized to move loads. Unlike \textit{Vehicle Routing Problems} arising in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Tommaso Adamo , Gianpaolo Ghiani , Emanuela Guerriero

With the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), navigating for EV drivers to select a cost-effective charging station has become an important yet challenging issue due to dynamic traffic conditions, fluctuating electricity prices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Tianyang Qi , Shibo Chen , Jun Zhang

In this study, we propose a reinforcement learning-based adaptive variable neighborhood search (RL-AVNS) method designed for effectively solving the Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Time Windows (VRPMTW). Unlike traditional adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Kuan Xu , Zhiguang Cao , Chenlong Zheng , Linong Liu

Due to the complication of the presented problem, intelligent algorithms show great power to solve the parts logistics optimization problem related to the vehicle routing problem (VRP). However, most of the existing research to VRP are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Yaoting Huang , Boyu Chen , Wenlian Lu , Zhong-Xiao Jin , Ren Zheng

In this paper, we propose a new dataset of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem instances which are up to two orders of magnitude larger than those in the currently used benchmarks. Despite these sizes might not have an immediate application…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Luca Accorsi , Daniele Vigo

This paper deals with the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with environmental considerations, recently introduced in the literature by [Bektas and Laporte (2011), Transport. Res. B-Meth. 45 (8), 1232-1250].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Raphael Kramer , Anand Subramanian , Thibaut Vidal , Lucídio dos Anjos Formiga Cabral

EVITA, standing for Evolutionary Inventory and Transportation Algorithm, is a two-level methodology designed to address the Inventory and Transportation Problem (ITP) in retail chains. The top level uses an evolutionary algorithm to obtain…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2009-09-21 Anna I Esparcia-Alcázar , J. J. Merelo , Anaís Martínez-García , Pablo García-Sánchez , Eva Alfaro-Cid , Ken Sharman

With the rise of e-commerce and increasing customer requirements, logistics service providers face a new complexity in their daily planning, mainly due to efficiently handling same day deliveries. Existing multi-stage stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Léo Baty , Kai Jungel , Patrick S. Klein , Axel Parmentier , Maximilian Schiffer

Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning (ERL), which integrates Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) for optimization, has demonstrated remarkable performance advancements. By fusing both approaches, ERL has emerged as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Pengyi Li , Jianye Hao , Hongyao Tang , Xian Fu , Yan Zheng , Ke Tang

Winter road maintenance is critical for ensuring public safety and reducing environmental impacts, yet existing methods struggle to manage large-scale routing problems effectively and mostly reply on human decision. This study presents a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yue Xie , Zizhen Xu , William Beazley , Fumiya Iida

We consider a family of Rich Vehicle Routing Problems (RVRP) which have the particularity to combine a heterogeneous fleet with other attributes, such as backhauls, multiple depots, split deliveries, site dependency, open routes, duration…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Puca Huachi Vaz Penna , Anand Subramanian , Luiz Satoru Ochi , Thibaut Vidal , Christian Prins

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach in the domains of automation and robotics, offering powerful solutions to complex problems that conventional methods struggle to address. In scenarios where the problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Meraj Mammadov

Multi-vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (MVRPSTW) is an indispensable constituent in urban logistics distribution systems. Over the past decade, numerous methods for MVRPSTW have been proposed, but most are based on heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ke Zhang , Meng Li , Zhengchao Zhang , Xi Lin , Fang He

The traveling purchaser problem (TPP) is an important combinatorial optimization problem with broad applications. Due to the coupling between routing and purchasing, existing works on TPPs commonly address route construction and purchase…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Haofeng Yuan , Rongping Zhu , Wanlu Yang , Shiji Song , Keyou You , Wei Fan , C. L. Philip Chen

Metaheuristics are widely employed to solve hard optimization problems, like vehicle routing problems (VRP), for which exact solution methods are impractical. In particular, local search-based metaheuristics have been successfully applied…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Vinícius R. Máximo , Mariá C. V. Nascimento

The Rank Pricing Problem (RPP) is a challenging bilevel optimization problem with binary variables whose objective is to determine the optimal pricing strategy for a set of products to maximize the total benefit, given that customer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Asunción Jiménez-Cordero , Salvador Pineda , Juan Miguel Morales

The Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFVRP) is an important variant of the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) that aims to find routes that minimize the total traveling cost of a heterogeneous fleet of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Vinícius R. Máximo , Jean-François Cordeau , Mariá C. V. Nascimento