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Collaborative Vehicle Routing is where delivery companies cooperate by sharing their delivery information and performing delivery requests on behalf of each other. This achieves economies of scale and thus reduces cost, greenhouse gas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Stephen Mak , Liming Xu , Tim Pearce , Michael Ostroumov , Alexandra Brintrup

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning approach to optimize the Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (SVRP), focusing on reducing travel costs in goods delivery. We develop a novel SVRP formulation that accounts for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zangir Iklassov , Ikboljon Sobirov , Ruben Solozabal , Martin Takac

Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) form a class of combinatorial problems with wide practical applications. While previous heuristic or learning-based works achieve decent solutions on small problem instances of up to 100 cities, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Sirui Li , Zhongxia Yan , Cathy Wu

Logistics and transport are core of many industrial and business processes. One of the most promising segments in the field is optimisation of vehicle routes. Scientific effort is focused primarily on algorithms developed in simplified…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-08 Nikica Peric , Slaven Begovic , Vinko Lesic

This paper introduces RouteFinder, a comprehensive foundation model framework to tackle different Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) variants. Our core idea is that a foundation model for VRPs should be able to represent variants by treating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Federico Berto , Chuanbo Hua , Nayeli Gast Zepeda , André Hottung , Niels Wouda , Leon Lan , Junyoung Park , Kevin Tierney , Jinkyoo Park

Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) constitute a core optimization challenge in modern logistics and supply chain management. The recent neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has demonstrated superior efficiency over some traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiangchi Meng , Jianan Zhou , Jie Gao , Yifan Lu , Yaoxin Wu , Gonglin Yuan , Yaqing Hou

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) are widely studied issues that play important roles in many production scenarios. We have noticed that in some practical scenarios of VRP, the size of cities and their entrances can significantly influence the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Haotian Xu , Xiaohui Fan , Jialin Zhu , Qing Zhuo , Tao Zhang

We introduce the Vehicle Routing Problem with Resource-Constrained Pickup and Delivery (VRP-RPD), where vehicles transport finite identical resources to customer locations for autonomous processing before retrieval and redeployment. Unlike…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Manbir Sodhi , Romesh Prasad , Harishjitu Saseendran

For NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, it is usually difficult to find high-quality solutions in polynomial time. The design of either an exact algorithm or an approximate algorithm for these problems often requires significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Kun Lei , Peng Guo , Yi Wang , Xiao Wu , Wenchao Zhao

This paper presents an approach to learn the local-search heuristics that iteratively improves the solution of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). A local-search heuristics is composed of a destroy operator that destructs a candidate solution,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Lei Gao , Mingxiang Chen , Qichang Chen , Ganzhong Luo , Nuoyi Zhu , Zhixin Liu

Transportation occupies one-third of the amount in the logistics costs, and accordingly transportation systems largely influence the performance of the logistics system. This work presents an adaptive data-driven innovative modular approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Emir Zunic , Dzenana Donko , Emir Buza

This paper reviews the current progress in applying machine learning (ML) tools to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, with a focus on routing problems such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the vehicle routing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fangting Zhou , Attila Lischka , Balazs Kulcsar , Jiaming Wu , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani , Gilbert Laporte

Learning heuristics for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) has gained much attention due to the less reliance on hand-crafted rules. However, existing methods are typically trained and tested on the same task with a fixed size and distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Jianan Zhou , Yaoxin Wu , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

The use of electric vehicles (EV) in the last mile is appealing from both sustainability and operational cost perspectives. In addition to the inherent cost efficiency of EVs, selling energy back to the grid during peak grid demand, is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Ajay Narayanan , Prasant Misra , Ankush Ojha , Vivek Bandhu , Supratim Ghosh , Arunchandar Vasan

Learning to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as the vehicle routing problem, offers great computational advantages over classical operations research solvers and heuristics. The recently developed deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Daniela Thyssens , Jonas Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Machine learning has been adapted to help solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. One prevalent way is learning to construct solutions by deep neural networks, which has been receiving more and more attention due to the high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Chengrui Gao , Haopu Shang , Ke Xue , Dong Li , Chao Qian

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) in real-world applications often come with various constraints, therefore bring additional computational challenges to exact solution methods or heuristic search approaches. The recent idea to learn heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Qiaoyue Tang , Yangzhe Kong , Lemeng Pan , Choonmeng Lee

Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is a crucial challenge in supply chain management as it involves optimizing efficient route selection while considering the uncertainty of inventory demand planning. To solve IRPs, usually a two-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 MD Shafikul Islam , Azmine Toushik Wasi

Onsite Job Scheduling is a specialized variant of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with multiple depots. The objective of this problem is to execute jobs requested by customers, belonging to different geographic locations by a limited number…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Avijit Basak , Subhas Acharya

Real-world Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) are characterized by a variety of practical constraints, making manual solver design both knowledge-intensive and time-consuming. Although there is increasing interest in automating the design of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kai Li , Fei Liu , Zhenkun Wang , Xialiang Tong , Xiongwei Han , Mingxuan Yuan , Qingfu Zhang