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Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation aims to assign pixel-level labels to images across an unlimited range of classes. Traditional methods address this by sequentially connecting a powerful mask proposal generator, such as the Segment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Minhyeok Lee , Suhwan Cho , Jungho Lee , Sunghun Yang , Heeseung Choi , Ig-Jae Kim , Sangyoun Lee

Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS) assigns pixel-level labels from an open set of text-defined categories, demanding reliable generalization to unseen classes at inference. Although modern vision-language models (VLMs) support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Saikat Dutta , Biplab Banerjee , Hamid Rezatofighi

Injecting semantics into 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently garnered significant attention. While current approaches typically distill 3D semantic features from 2D foundational models (e.g., CLIP and SAM) to facilitate novel view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenbo Zhang , Lu Zhang , Ping Hu , Liqian Ma , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu

Existing open-vocabulary 3D semantic segmentation methods typically supervise 3D segmentation models by merging text-aligned features (e.g., CLIP) extracted from multi-view images onto 3D points. However, such approaches treat multi-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shiqi Zhang , Sha Zhang , Jiajun Deng , Yedong Shen , Mingxiao MA , Yanyong Zhang

This paper introduces OpenGaussian, a method based on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) capable of 3D point-level open vocabulary understanding. Our primary motivation stems from observing that existing 3DGS-based open vocabulary methods mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Yanmin Wu , Jiarui Meng , Haijie Li , Chenming Wu , Yahao Shi , Xinhua Cheng , Chen Zhao , Haocheng Feng , Errui Ding , Jingdong Wang , Jian Zhang

Semantic understanding of 3D scenes is essential for robots to operate effectively and safely in complex environments. Existing methods for semantic scene reconstruction and semantic-aware novel view synthesis often rely on dense multi-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sheng Ye , Zhen-Hui Dong , Ruoyu Fan , Tian Lv , Yong-Jin Liu

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) extends traditional closed-set segmentation by enabling pixel-wise annotation for both seen and unseen categories using arbitrary textual descriptions. While existing methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junyang Chen , Xiangbo Lv , Zhiqiang Kou , Xingdong Sheng , Ning Xu , Yiguo Qiao

We propose NEDS-SLAM, a dense semantic SLAM system based on 3D Gaussian representation, that enables robust 3D semantic mapping, accurate camera tracking, and high-quality rendering in real-time. In the system, we propose a Spatially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yiming Ji , Yang Liu , Guanghu Xie , Boyu Ma , Zongwu Xie

Open-vocabulary 3D semantic segmentation aims to segment arbitrary categories beyond the training set. Existing methods predominantly rely on distilling knowledge from 2D open-vocabulary models. However, aligning 3D features to the 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Xujing Tao , Chuxin Wang , Yubo Ai , Zhixin Cheng , Zhuoyuan Li , Liangsheng Liu , Yujia Chen , Xinjun Li , Qiao Li , Wenfei Yang , Tianzhu Zhang

Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have enabled Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems to build photorealistic maps. However, these maps lack the open-vocabulary semantic understanding required for advanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sibaek Lee , Seongbo Ha , Kyeongsu Kang , Joonyeol Choi , Seungjun Tak , Hyeonwoo Yu

Understanding open-vocabulary 3D scenes with Gaussian-based representations remains challenging due to fragmented and spatially inconsistent semantic predictions across multi-view observations. In this paper, we present OpenGaFF, a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Kunyi Li , Michael Niemeyer , Sen Wang , Stefano Gasperini , Nassir Navab , Federico Tombari

Modeling and understanding the 3D world is crucial for various applications, from augmented reality to robotic navigation. Recent advancements based on 3D Gaussian Splatting have integrated semantic information from multi-view images into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Xingrui Wang , Cuiling Lan , Hanxin Zhu , Zhibo Chen , Yan Lu

Lifting 2D open-vocabulary understanding into 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) scenes is a critical challenge. Mainstream methods, built on an embedding paradigm, suffer from three key flaws: (i) geometry-semantic inconsistency, where points,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Jiayu Ding , Xinpeng Liu , Zhiyi Pan , Shiqiang Long , Ge Li

Unsupervised point cloud segmentation is critical for embodied artificial intelligence and autonomous driving, as it mitigates the prohibitive cost of dense point-level annotations required by fully supervised methods. While integrating 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yixiao Song , Qingyong Li , Wen Wang , Zhicheng Yan

As multimodal language models advance, their application to 3D scene understanding is a fast-growing frontier, driving the development of 3D Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Current methods show strong dependence on object detectors,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Anna-Maria Halacheva , Jan-Nico Zaech , Xi Wang , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

3D open-vocabulary scene understanding, which accurately perceives complex semantic properties of objects in space, has gained significant attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose GAGS, a framework that distills 2D CLIP features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yuning Peng , Haiping Wang , Yuan Liu , Chenglu Wen , Zhen Dong , Bisheng Yang

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has achieved impressive performance on indoor surface reconstruction and 3D open-vocabulary segmentation. This paper presents GLS, a unified framework of 3D surface reconstruction and open-vocabulary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiaxiong Qiu , Liu Liu , Xinjie Wang , Tianwei Lin , Wei Sui , Zhizhong Su

Semantic-aware 3D reconstruction from sparse, unposed images remains challenging for feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS). Existing methods often predict an over-complete set of Gaussian primitives under sparse-view supervision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Guibiao Liao , Qian Ren , Kaimin Liao , Hua Wang , Zhi Chen , Luchao Wang , Yaohua Tang

We propose SemGauss-SLAM, a dense semantic SLAM system utilizing 3D Gaussian representation, that enables accurate 3D semantic mapping, robust camera tracking, and high-quality rendering simultaneously. In this system, we incorporate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Siting Zhu , Renjie Qin , Guangming Wang , Jiuming Liu , Hesheng Wang

Recently, the multi-modal fusion of RGB, depth, and semantics has shown great potential in dense Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). However, a prerequisite for generating consistent semantic maps is the availability of dense,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Linfei Li , Lin Zhang , Zhong Wang , Ying Shen