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Symbolic regression (SR) is the process of discovering hidden relationships from data with mathematical expressions, which is considered an effective way to reach interpretable machine learning (ML). Genetic programming (GP) has been the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Peng Zeng , Xiaotian Song , Andrew Lensen , Yuwei Ou , Yanan Sun , Mengjie Zhang , Jiancheng Lv

[RETRACTED]Data increasingly abounds, but distilling their underlying relationships down to something interpretable remains challenging. One approach is genetic programming, which `symbolically regresses' a data set down into an equation.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Amanda Bertschinger , James Bagrow , Joshua Bongard

Survival analysis is a fundamental tool for modeling time-to-event outcomes in healthcare. Recent advances have introduced flexible neural network approaches for improved predictive performance. However, most of these models do not provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Mert Ketenci , Vincent Jeanselme , Harry Reyes Nieva , Shalmali Joshi , Noémie Elhadad

Regression analysis is a central topic in statistical modeling, aimed at estimating the relationships between a dependent variable, commonly referred to as the response variable, and one or more independent variables, i.e., explanatory…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-06 Juan M Gorriz , J. Ramirez , F. Segovia , F. J. Martinez-Murcia , C. Jiménez-Mesa , J. Suckling

Symbolic regression is a fundamental tool for discovering interpretable mathematical expressions from data, with broad applications across scientific and engineering domains. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Runxiang Wang , Boxiao Wang , Kai Li , Yifan Zhang , Jian Cheng

Rule-based models, e.g., decision trees, are widely used in scenarios demanding high model interpretability for their transparent inner structures and good model expressivity. However, rule-based models are hard to optimize, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Zhuo Wang , Wei Zhang , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Mathematical formulas are the crystallization of human wisdom in exploring the laws of nature for thousands of years. Describing the complex laws of nature with a concise mathematical formula is a constant pursuit of scientists and a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yanjie Li , Jingyi Liu , Weijun Li , Lina Yu , Min Wu , Wenqiang Li , Meilan Hao , Su Wei , Yusong Deng

Applications of machine learning in healthcare often require working with time-to-event prediction tasks including prognostication of an adverse event, re-hospitalization or death. Such outcomes are typically subject to censoring due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Chirag Nagpal , Willa Potosnak , Artur Dubrawski

Many real-world systems can be described by mathematical models that are human-comprehensible, easy to analyze and help explain the system's behavior. Symbolic regression is a method that can automatically generate such models from data.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Jiří Kubalík , Erik Derner , Robert Babuška

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is crucial for maintaining modern industrial systems, where equipment reliability and operational safety are paramount. Traditional methods, based on small-scale deep learning or physical/statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yan Chen , Cheng Liu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has empirically shown its data representation learnability in many downstream tasks. There are only a few theoretical works on data representation learnability, and many of those focus on final data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ruofeng Yang , Xiangyuan Li , Bo Jiang , Shuai Li

This work focuses on the issue of variable selection in functional regression. Unlike most work in this framework, our approach does not select isolated points in the definition domain of the predictors, nor does it rely on the expansion of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-05 Victor Picheny , Rémi Servien , Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix

In many applications, it is important to identify subpopulations that survive longer or shorter than the rest of the population. In medicine, for example, it allows determining which patients benefit from treatment, and in predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Mhd Jawad Al Rahwanji , Sascha Xu , Nils Philipp Walter , Jilles Vreeken

Interpreting critical variables involved in complex biological processes related to survival time can help understand prediction from survival models, evaluate treatment efficacy, and develop new therapies for patients. Currently, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Xinxing Wu , Chong Peng , Richard Charnigo , Qiang Cheng

RUL estimation suffers from a server data imbalance where data from machines near their end of life is rare. Additionally, the data produced by a machine can only be labeled after the machine failed. Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Tilman Krokotsch , Mirko Knaak , Clemens Gühmann

Complex black-box predictive models may have high accuracy, but opacity causes problems like lack of trust, lack of stability, sensitivity to concept drift. On the other hand, interpretable models require more work related to feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Alicja Gosiewska , Aleksandra Gacek , Piotr Lubon , Przemyslaw Biecek

Symbolic regression discovers explicit, interpretable equations without assuming a functional form in advance. A Bayesian approach strengthens this through probability distributions over candidate expressions, thus quantifying uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 James Butterworth , Gevik Grigorian , Alejandro DiazDelaO

Recursive neural networks (RvNN) have been shown useful for learning sentence representations and helped achieve competitive performance on several natural language inference tasks. However, recent RvNN-based models fail to learn simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Atul Sahay , Ayush Maheshwari , Ritesh Kumar , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal , Kavi Arya

In nature, the behaviors of many complex systems can be described by parsimonious math equations. Automatically distilling these equations from limited data is cast as a symbolic regression process which hitherto remains a grand challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yilong Xu , Yang Liu , Hao Sun

Describing the world behavior through mathematical functions help scientists to achieve a better understanding of the inner mechanisms of different phenomena. Traditionally, this is done by deriving new equations from first principles and…