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This paper presents 6T SRAM cell-based bit-parallel in-memory computing (IMC) architecture to support various computations with reconfigurable bit-precision. In the proposed technique, bit-line computation is performed with a short WL…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Kyeongho Lee , Jinho Jeong , Sungsoo Cheon , Woong Choi , Jongsun Park

Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in spatiotemporal predictive learning, with methods incorporating auxiliary inputs, complex neural architectures, and sophisticated training strategies. While SimVP has introduced a simpler,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Siyuan Li , Stan Z. Li

Memory management is necessary with the increasing number of multi-connected AI devices and data bandwidth issues. For this purpose, high-speed multi-port memory is used. The traditional multi-port memory solutions are hard-bounded to a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Narendra Singh Dhakad , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

In Large Language Model (LLM) serving, the KV-cache (KVC) bottleneck causes high tail Time-to-First-Token (TTFT) and Time-Between-Tokens (TBT), impairing user experience, particularly in time-sensitive applications. However, satisfying both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haiying Shen , Tanmoy Sen , Masahiro Tanaka

The rapid advancements in vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have intensified the need to address distribution shifts between training and testing datasets. Although prior Test-Time Training (TTT) techniques for VLMs have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yuto Kojima , Jiarui Xu , Xueyan Zou , Xiaolong Wang

AI-powered edge devices currently lack the ability to adapt their embedded inference models to the ever-changing environment. To tackle this issue, Continual Learning (CL) strategies aim at incrementally improving the decision capabilities…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Leonardo Ravaglia , Manuele Rusci , Alessandro Capotondi , Francesco Conti , Lorenzo Pellegrini , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Davide Maltoni , Luca Benini

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

A modern GPU aims to simultaneously execute more warps for higher Thread-Level Parallelism (TLP) and performance. When generating many memory requests, however, warps contend for limited cache space and thrash cache, which in turn severely…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Jie Zhang , Shuwen Gao , Nam Sung Kim , Myoungsoo Jung

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating supplementary retrieved documents, enabling more accurate and context-aware responses. However, integrating these external…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenfeng Wang , Xiaofeng Hou , Peng Tang , Hengyi Zhou , Jing Wang , Xinkai Wang , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Embedded systems are pervasively used in many fields nowadays. In mixed-criticality environments (automotive, industry 4.0, drones, etc.) they need to run real-time applications with certain time and safety constraints alongside a rich…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Flavia Caforio , Pierpaolo Iannicelli , Michele Paolino , Daniel Raho

The rapid increase in LLM model sizes and the growing demand for long-context inference have made memory a critical bottleneck in GPU-accelerated serving systems. Although high-bandwidth memory (HBM) on GPUs offers fast access, its limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xinjun Yang , Qingda Hu , Junru Li , Feifei Li , Yicong Zhu , Yuqi Zhou , Qiuru Lin , Jian Dai , Yang Kong , Jiayu Zhang , Guoqiang Xu , Qiang Liu

In this work, we present a family of operational semantics that gradually approximates the realistic program behaviors in the C/C++11 memory model. Each semantics in our framework is built by elaborating and combining two simple…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Anton Podkopaev , Ilya Sergey , Aleksandar Nanevski

Video large language models (VideoLLMs) show strong capability in video understanding, yet long-context inference is still dominated by massive redundant visual tokens in the prefill stage. We revisit token compression for VideoLLMs under a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinying Lin , Xuyang Liu , Yiyu Wang , Teng Ma , Wenqi Ren

The Key-Value (KV) cache introduces substantial memory overhead during large language model (LLM) inference. Although existing vector quantization (VQ) methods reduce KV cache usage and provide flexible representational capacity across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Dingyu Yao , Chenxu Yang , Zhengyang Tong , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Weiping Wang

Non-volatile memory (NVM) has the potential to disrupt the boundary between memory and storage, including the abstractions that manage this boundary. Researchers comparing the speed, durability, and abstractions of hybrid systems with DRAM,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Shoaib Akram , Jennifer B. Sartor , Kathryn S. McKinley , Lieven Eeckhout

Timing side-channel attacks pose a major threat to embedded systems due to their ease of accessibility. We propose CIDPro, a framework that relies on dynamic program diversification to mitigate timing side-channel leakage. The proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Thinh Hung Pham , Alexander Fell , Arnab Kumar Biswas , Siew-Kei Lam , Nandeesha Veeranna

Cross-core communication is increasingly a bottleneck as the number of processing elements increase per system-on-chip. Typical hardware solutions to cross-core communication are often inflexible; while software solutions are flexible, they…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Qinzhe Wu , Jonathan Beard , Ashen Ekanayake , Andreas Gerstlauer , Lizy K. John

The memory capacity in edge devices is often limited due to constraints on cost, size, and power. Consequently, memory competition leads to inevitable page swapping in memory-constrained mixed-criticality edge devices, causing slow storage…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Meng-Chia Lee , Wen Sheng Lim , Yuan-Hao Chang , Tei-Wei Kuo

Systolic arrays and shared-L1-memory manycore clusters are commonly used architectural paradigms that offer different trade-offs to accelerate parallel workloads. While the first excel with regular dataflow at the cost of rigid…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Sergio Mazzola , Samuel Riedel , Luca Benini

LLM serving relies on prefix caching to improve inference performance. As growing contexts push key-value (KV) cache footprint far beyond GPU HBM and CPU DRAM capacity, KV cache is increasingly offloaded to NVMe SSDs. Unfortunately,…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shi Qiu , Yifan Hu , Xintao Wang , Wenhao Zhu , Jianqin Yan , Hao Chen , Kaiqiang Xu , Kai Chen , Yiming Zhang