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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning performance, yet we identify a recurring failure mode in long-form generation: as outputs grow longer, models progressively drift away from image evidence and fall…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuai Lv , Chang Liu , Feng Tang , Yujie Yuan , Aojun Zhou , Kui Zhang , Xi Yang , Yangqiu Song

Evaluating open-ended outputs from large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the absence of ground truth. Existing metrics rely on final-answer accuracy or surface-level statistics, leaving the reasoning process itself…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yundong Kim , Heyoung Yang

Prompting large language models (LLMs) to evaluate generated text, known as LLM-as-a-judge, has become a standard evaluation approach in natural language generation (NLG), but is primarily used as a quantitative tool, i.e. with numerical…

We introduce a novel, training free cascade for auto-prompting Large Language Models (LLMs) to assess product quality in e-commerce. Our system requires no training labels or model fine-tuning, instead automatically generating and refining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Soham Satyadharma , Fatemeh Sheikholeslami , Swati Kaul , Aziz Umit Batur , Suleiman A. Khan

Given the widespread adoption and usage of Large Language Models (LLMs), it is crucial to have flexible and interpretable evaluations of their instruction-following ability. Preference judgments between model outputs have become the de…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jonathan Cook , Tim Rocktäschel , Jakob Foerster , Dennis Aumiller , Alex Wang

We propose a self-correction mechanism for Large Language Models (LLMs) to mitigate issues such as toxicity and fact hallucination. This method involves refining model outputs through an ensemble of critics and the model's own feedback.…

Meeting summarization has become a critical task since digital encounters have become a common practice. Large language models (LLMs) show great potential in summarization, offering enhanced coherence and context understanding compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Prompt engineering is critical for the development of LLM-based applications. However, it is usually done manually in a "trial and error" fashion that can be time consuming, ineffective, and sub-optimal. Even for the prompts which seemingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Weize Kong , Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Datasets nowadays are generally constructed from multiple sources and using different synthetic techniques, making data de-noising and de-duplication crucial before being used for post-training. In this work, we propose to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Qi Jia , Siyu Ren , Ziheng Qin , Fuzhao Xue , Jinjie Ni , Yang You

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o1, have demonstrated the significant effectiveness of test-time scaling, achieving substantial performance gains across various benchmarks. These advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haotian Wang , Han Zhao , Shuaiting Chen , Xiaoyu Tian , Sitong Zhao , Yunjie Ji , Yiping Peng , Xiangang Li

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex reasoning tasks like mathematical problem-solving. However, existing research predominantly relies on reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 ShaoZhen Liu , Xinting Huang , Houwen Peng , Xin Chen , Xinyang Song , Qi Li , Zhenan Sun

Query rewrite transforms SQL queries into semantically equivalent forms that run more efficiently. Existing approaches mainly rely on predefined rewrite rules, but they handle a limited subset of queries and can cause performance…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuyang Song , Hanxu Yan , Jiale Lao , Yibo Wang , Yufei Li , Yuanchun Zhou , Jianguo Wang , Mingjie Tang

This paper introduces ThoughtProbe, a novel inference time framework that leverages the hidden reasoning features of Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve their reasoning performance. Unlike previous works that manipulate the hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zijian Wang , Chang Xu

Evaluating production-level retrieval systems at scale is a crucial yet challenging task due to the limited availability of a large pool of well-trained human annotators. Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to address this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Kasra Hosseini , Thomas Kober , Josip Krapac , Roland Vollgraf , Weiwei Cheng , Ana Peleteiro Ramallo

LLMs have achieved remarkable fluency and coherence in text generation, yet their widespread adoption has raised concerns about content reliability and accountability. In high-stakes domains, it is crucial to understand where and how the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junnan Zhu , Min Xiao , Yining Wang , Feifei Zhai , Yu Zhou , Chengqing Zong

The computational treatment of arguments on controversial issues has been subject to extensive NLP research, due to its envisioned impact on opinion formation, decision making, writing education, and the like. A critical task in any such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Henning Wachsmuth , Gabriella Lapesa , Elena Cabrio , Anne Lauscher , Joonsuk Park , Eva Maria Vecchi , Serena Villata , Timon Ziegenbein

Asking good questions is critical for comprehension and learning, yet evaluating and generating such questions remains a challenging problem. Prior work on inquisitive questions focuses on learner-generated, curiosity-driven queries and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Dong-Ho Lee , Hyundong Cho , Jonathan May , Jay Pujara

Course evaluation plays a critical role in ensuring instructional quality and guiding curriculum development in higher education. However, traditional evaluation methods, such as student surveys, classroom observations, and expert reviews,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Bo Yuan , Jiazi Hu