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Deep neural networks (DNNs) can easily fit a random labeling of the training data with zero training error. What is the difference between DNNs trained with random labels and the ones trained with true labels? Our paper answers this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet they also exhibit memorization of their training data. This phenomenon raises critical questions about model behavior, privacy risks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Alexander Xiong , Xuandong Zhao , Aneesh Pappu , Dawn Song

State-of-the-art results on image recognition tasks are achieved using over-parameterized learning algorithms that (nearly) perfectly fit the training set and are known to fit well even random labels. This tendency to memorize the labels of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Vitaly Feldman

Diffusion probabilistic models have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI, yet the mechanisms underlying their generalization remain poorly understood. In fact, if these models were perfectly minimizing their training loss, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Alessandro Favero , Antonio Sclocchi , Matthieu Wyart

Diffusion models, known for their tremendous ability to generate novel and high-quality samples, have recently raised concerns due to their data memorization behavior, which poses privacy risks. Recent approaches for memory mitigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Xiao Liu , Xiaoliu Guan , Yu Wu , Jiaxu Miao

The standard way of training video models entails sampling at each iteration a single clip from a video and optimizing the clip prediction with respect to the video-level label. We argue that a single clip may not have enough temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Xitong Yang , Haoqi Fan , Lorenzo Torresani , Larry Davis , Heng Wang

Training data leakage from Large Language Models (LLMs) raises serious concerns related to privacy, security, and copyright compliance. A central challenge in assessing this risk is distinguishing genuine memorization of training data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Trishita Tiwari , Ari Trachtenberg , G. Edward Suh

Recent efforts at explaining the interplay of memorization and generalization in deep overparametrized networks have posited that neural networks $\textit{memorize}$ "hard" examples in the final few layers of the model. Memorization refers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Pratyush Maini , Michael C. Mozer , Hanie Sedghi , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter , Chiyuan Zhang

In this paper, we present a novel deep metric learning method to tackle the multi-label image classification problem. In order to better learn the correlations among images features, as well as labels, we attempt to explore a latent space,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Changsheng Li , Chong Liu , Lixin Duan , Peng Gao , Kai Zheng

Diffusion models, widely used for image and video generation, face a significant limitation: the risk of memorizing and reproducing training data during inference, potentially generating unauthorized copyrighted content. While prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Chen Chen , Enhuai Liu , Daochang Liu , Mubarak Shah , Chang Xu

Rehearsal is one of the key techniques for mitigating catastrophic forgetting and has been widely adopted in continual learning algorithms due to its simplicity and practicality. However, the theoretical understanding of how rehearsal scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 JinLi He , Liang Bai , Xian Yang

Memorization in large language models (LLMs) makes them vulnerable to data extraction attacks. While pre-training memorization has been extensively studied, fewer works have explored its impact in fine-tuning, particularly for LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Fei Wang , Baochun Li

Autoregressive language models (ARMs) have been shown to memorize and occasionally reproduce training data verbatim, raising concerns about privacy and copyright liability. Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiaoyu Luo , Wenrui Yu , Qiongxiu Li , Johannes Bjerva

The roles played by learning and memorization represent an important topic in deep learning research. Recent work on this subject has shown that the optimization behavior of DNNs trained on shuffled labels is qualitatively different from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-22 Elias Chaibub Neto

We propose a novel memory-modular learner for image classification that separates knowledge memorization from reasoning. Our model enables effective generalization to new classes by simply replacing the memory contents, without the need for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Dahyun Kang , Ahmet Iscen , Eunchan Jo , Sua Choi , Minsu Cho , Cordelia Schmid

We consider learning representations (features) in the setting in which we have access to multiple unlabeled views of the data for learning while only one view is available for downstream tasks. Previous work on this problem has proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-03 Weiran Wang , Raman Arora , Karen Livescu , Jeff Bilmes

We study continual learning in the large scale setting where tasks in the input sequence are not limited to classification, and the outputs can be of high dimension. Among multiple state-of-the-art methods, we found vanilla experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Yogesh Balaji , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Dong Yin , Alex Mott , Ang Li

Supervised deep learning models require significant amount of labeled data to achieve an acceptable performance on a specific task. However, when tested on unseen data, the models may not perform well. Therefore, the models need to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Akshit Achara , Ram Krishna Pandey

Recent advances in representation learning have demonstrated an ability to represent information from different modalities such as video, text, and audio in a single high-level embedding vector. In this work we present a self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Alexander H. Liu , SouYoung Jin , Cheng-I Jeff Lai , Andrew Rouditchenko , Aude Oliva , James Glass

We construct an experimental setup in which changing the scale of initialization strongly impacts the implicit regularization induced by SGD, interpolating from good generalization performance to completely memorizing the training set while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Harsh Mehta , Ashok Cutkosky , Behnam Neyshabur