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This article traces a brief history of the use of single electron spins to compute. In classical computing schemes, a binary bit is represented by the spin polarization of a single electron confined in a quantum dot. If a weak magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-02-01 S. Bandyopadhyay

The encoding of classical to quantum data mapping through trigonometric functions within arithmetic-based quantum computation algorithms leads to the exploitation of multivariate distributions. The studied variational quantum gate learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Ziqing Guo , Jan Balewski , Wenshuo Hu , Alex Khan , Ziwen Pan

We propose an approach to generative quantum machine learning that overcomes the fundamental scaling issues of variational quantum circuits. The core idea is to use a class of generative models based on instantaneous quantum polynomial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Erik Recio-Armengol , Shahnawaz Ahmed , Joseph Bowles

Recently a framework for assisted quantum error correction was proposed in which a specific type of error is allowed to occur on auxiliary qubits, which is in contrast to standard entanglement assistance that requires noiseless auxiliary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-31 Yuichiro Fujiwara

Hybrid variational quantum algorithms are promising for solving practical problems, such as combinatorial optimization, quantum chemistry simulation, quantum machine learning, and quantum error correction on noisy quantum computers.…

Optimization problems in finance, physics and computer science are typically very hard to tackle in classical computing and quantum computing could help speed up computations and provide efficient methods for tackling large problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Dawei Zhong , Akhil Francis , Ermal Rrapaj

Quantum entanglement, perhaps the most non-classical manifestation of quantum information theory, cannot be used to transmit information between remote parties. Yet, it can be used to reduce the amount of communication required to process a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-29 Gilles Brassard , Anne Broadbent , Alain Tapp

Entanglement is known to boost the efficiency of classical communication. In distributed computation, for instance, exploiting entanglement can reduce the number of communicated bits or increase the probability to obtain a correct answer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-15 Jef Pauwels , Stefano Pironio , Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro , Armin Tavakoli

We investigate optimal encoding and retrieval of digital data, when the storage/communication medium is described by quantum mechanics. We assume an m-ary alphabet with arbitrary prior distribution, and an n-dimensional quantum system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Noam Elron , Yonina C. Eldar

A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm is a computational scheme in which quantum circuits are used to extract information that is then processed by a classical routine to guide subsequent quantum operations. These algorithms are especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Alon Levi , Ziv Ossi , Eliahu Cohen , Amit Te'eni

Quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to do computation with a potential advantage over classical computers. While a single classical computer transforms one particular binary input into an output after applying one…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Francisco Chicano , Gabiel Luque , Zakaria Abdelmoiz Dahi , Rodrigo Gil-Merino

Generative quantum machine learning models are trained to deduce the probability distribution underlying a given dataset, and to produce new, synthetic samples from it. The majority of such models proposed in the literature, like the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Michael Krebsbach , Florentin Reiter , Thomas Wellens , Hagen-Henrik Kowalski , Ali Abedi

Blockchain transaction data exhibits high dimensionality, noise, and intricate feature entanglement, presenting significant challenges for traditional clustering algorithms. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yun-Cheng Tsai , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen

Utilizing a quantum system for reservoir computing has recently received a lot of attention. Key challenges are related to how on can optimally en- and decode classical information, as well as what constitutes a good reservoir. Our main…

Quantum machine learning (QML) investigates how quantum phenomena can be exploited in order to learn data in an alternative way, \textit{e.g.} by means of a quantum computer. While recent results evidence that QML models can potentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Y. Cordero , S. Biswas , F. Vilariño , M. Bilkis

The time evolution operator plays a crucial role in the precise computation of chemical experiments on quantum computers and holds immense promise for advancing the fields of physical and computer sciences, with applications spanning…

Though there has been substantial progress in developing quantum algorithms to study classical datasets, the cost of simply \textit{loading} classical data is an obstacle to quantum advantage. When the amplitude encoding is used, loading an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Raghav Jumade , Nicolas PD Sawaya

The data input model is a fundamental component of every quantum algorithm, as its efficiency is crucial for achieving potential speed-ups over classical methods. For quantum linear algebra tasks that utilize quantum eigenvalue or singular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Andreas Sturm , Niclas Schillo

Classification using variational quantum circuits is a promising frontier in quantum machine learning. Quantum supervised learning (QSL) applied to classical data using variational quantum circuits involves embedding the data into a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Yujin Kim , Changjae Im , Taehyun Kim , Tak Hur , Daniel K. Park

Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, learns from previous experience to optimize performance, which is ubiquitous in various fields such as computer sciences, financial analysis, robotics, and bioinformatics. A challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-18 X. -D. Cai , D. Wu , Z. -E. Su , M. -C. Chen , X. -L. Wang , L. Li , N. -L. Liu , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan