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While explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) equips Large Language Models (LLMs) with strong reasoning capabilities, it requires models to verbalize every intermediate step in text tokens, constraining the model thoughts to the discrete vocabulary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Weihao Liu , Dehai Min , Lu Cheng

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is useful for monitoring language models only when the reasoning trace faithfully reflects the computation that produces the final answer. However, models can rely on prompt-to-answer shortcuts that bypass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinghan Jia , Joe Benton , Eric Easley

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enables large language models (LLMs) to break down complex problems into interpretable intermediate steps, significantly enhancing model transparency and performance in reasoning tasks. However, conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Junda Wu , Yuxin Xiong , Xintong Li , Sheldon Yu , Zhengmian Hu , Tong Yu , Rui Wang , Xiang Chen , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luozheng Qin , Jia Gong , Yuqing Sun , Tianjiao Li , Mengping Yang , Xiaomeng Yang , Chao Qu , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that demand complex reasoning. To track progress, robust benchmarks are required to evaluate their capabilities beyond superficial pattern recognition.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wenye Lin , Jonathan Roberts , Yunhan Yang , Samuel Albanie , Zongqing Lu , Kai Han

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the challenge of handling long-context tasks, where models need to reason over extensive input contexts to aggregate target information. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Dawei Zhu , Xiyu Wei , Guangxiang Zhao , Wenhao Wu , Haosheng Zou , Junfeng Ran , Xun Wang , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Sujian Li

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities through long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. The R1 distillation scheme has emerged as a promising approach for training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yijia Luo , Yulin Song , Xingyao Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Weixun Wang , GengRu Chen , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances large language models (LLMs) by enabling step-by-step problem-solving, yet its extension to Long-CoT introduces substantial computational overhead due to increased token length. Existing compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yibo Wang , Haotian Luo , Huanjin Yao , Tiansheng Huang , Haiying He , Rui Liu , Naiqiang Tan , Jiaxing Huang , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao , Li Shen

This study investigates the internal information flow of large language models (LLMs) while performing chain-of-thought (CoT) style reasoning. Specifically, with a particular interest in the faithfulness of the CoT explanation to LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Keito Kudo , Yoichi Aoki , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Shusaku Sone , Masaya Taniguchi , Ana Brassard , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

The challenge of ensuring Large Language Models (LLMs) align with societal standards is of increasing interest, as these models are still prone to adversarial jailbreaks that bypass their safety mechanisms. Identifying these vulnerabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mohammad Akbar-Tajari , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar , Mohammad Mahmoody

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting substantially improves the sample efficiency of transformers, reducing the complexity of tasks like parity learning from exponential to polynomial in the input length. However, generating explicit reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yixiao Huang , Hanlin Zhu , Zixuan Wang , Jiantao Jiao , Stuart Russell , Somayeh Sojoudi , Song Mei

Chain-of-thought (CoT) has emerged as a groundbreaking tool in NLP, notably for its efficacy in complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical proofs. However, its application in code generation faces a distinct challenge, i.e., although the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Dong Huang , Qingwen Bu , Yuhao Qing , Heming Cui

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving…

Mitigating reward hacking--where AI systems misbehave due to flaws or misspecifications in their learning objectives--remains a key challenge in constructing capable and aligned models. We show that we can monitor a frontier reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bowen Baker , Joost Huizinga , Leo Gao , Zehao Dou , Melody Y. Guan , Aleksander Madry , Wojciech Zaremba , Jakub Pachocki , David Farhi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have popularized the chain-of-thought (CoT) paradigm, in which models produce explicit reasoning steps in natural language. Although this approach improves interpretability and facilitates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 José I. Orlicki

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), as a crucial research problem of Embodied AI, requires an embodied agent to navigate through complex 3D environments following natural language instructions. Recent research has highlighted the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Bingqian Lin , Yunshuang Nie , Ziming Wei , Jiaqi Chen , Shikui Ma , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaojun Chang , Xiaodan Liang

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting empowers Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring reasoning reliability remains an open challenge. Contrary to the prevailing cascading failure hypothesis which posits that early errors are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Dongxu Zhang , Yujun Wu , Yiding Sun , Jinnan Yang , Ning Yang , Jihua Zhu , Miao Xin , Baoliang Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have emerged as a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, representing a specialized class of large language models (LLMs) designed to tackle complex reasoning tasks. The defining characteristic of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Biao Yi , Zekun Fei , Jianing Geng , Tong Li , Lihai Nie , Zheli Liu , Yiming Li

In this paper, we address the challenging task of multimodal reasoning by incorporating the notion of ``slow thinking'' into multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Our core idea is that models can learn to adaptively use different levels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Kun Xiang , Zhili Liu , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Yinya Huang , Yunshuang Nie , Kaixin Cai , Yiyang Yin , Runhui Huang , Hanhui Li , Yihan Zeng , Yu-Jie Yuan , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang