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We explore the viability of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in emulating human survey respondents and eliciting preferences, with a focus on intertemporal choices. Leveraging the extensive literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Ali Goli , Amandeep Singh

Instruction tuning is a burgeoning method to elicit the general intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs). While numerous studies have examined the impact of factors such as data volume and model size on English models, the scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Chiyu Song , Zhanchao Zhou , Jianhao Yan , Yuejiao Fei , Zhenzhong Lan , Yue Zhang

As natural language processing (NLP) for gender bias becomes a significant interdisciplinary topic, the prevalent data-driven techniques such as large-scale language models suffer from data inadequacy and biased corpus, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Ge Zhang , Yizhi Li , Yaoyao Wu , Linyuan Zhang , Chenghua Lin , Jiayi Geng , Shi Wang , Jie Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) with hundreds of billions of parameters have exhibited human-like intelligence by learning from vast amounts of internet-scale data. However, the uninterpretability of large-scale neural networks raises concerns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wei Xie , Shuoyoucheng Ma , Zhenhua Wang , Enze Wang , Kai Chen , Xiaobing Sun , Baosheng Wang

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into tool-using agents, the ability to browse the web in real-time has become a critical yardstick for measuring their reasoning and retrieval competence. Existing benchmarks such as BrowseComp…

Aligning large language models (LLMs) depends on high-quality datasets of human preference labels, which are costly to collect. Although active learning has been studied to improve sample efficiency relative to passive collection, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yao Zhao , Kwang-Sung Jun

Large language models (LLMs) alignment aims to ensure that the behavior of LLMs meets human preferences. While collecting data from multiple fine-grained, aspect-specific preferences becomes more and more feasible, existing alignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jia Zhang , Yao Liu , Chen-Xi Zhang , Yi Liu , Yi-Xuan Jin , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Preference datasets are essential for training general-domain, instruction-following language models with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). Each subsequent data release raises expectations for future data collection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhilin Wang , Jiaqi Zeng , Olivier Delalleau , Hoo-Chang Shin , Felipe Soares , Alexander Bukharin , Ellie Evans , Yi Dong , Oleksii Kuchaiev

Machine psychology aims to reconstruct the mindset of Large Language Models (LLMs), i.e. how these artificial intelligences perceive and associate ideas. This work introduces PhDGPT, a prompting framework and synthetic dataset that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Edoardo Sebastiano De Duro , Enrique Taietta , Riccardo Improta , Massimo Stella

The recent progress of large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT and GPT-4, in comprehending and responding to human instructions has been remarkable. Nevertheless, these models typically perform better in English and have not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Honglin Xiong , Sheng Wang , Yitao Zhu , Zihao Zhao , Yuxiao Liu , Linlin Huang , Qian Wang , Dinggang Shen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in cognitive and reasoning benchmarks, they exhibit a persistent deficit in anthropomorphic intelligence-the capacity to navigate complex social, emotional, and ethical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jiaxin Liu , Peiyi Tu , Wenyu Chen , Yihong Zhuang , Xinxia Ling , Anji Zhou , Chenxi Wang , Zhuo Han , Zhengkai Yang , Junbo Zhao , Zenan Huang , Yuanyuan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling complex dialogue tasks without requiring use case-specific fine-tuning. However, analyzing live dialogues in real-time necessitates low-latency processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuanqing Liu , Luyang Kong , Wei Niu , Afshin Khashei , Belinda Zeng , Steve Johnson , Jon Jay , Davor Golac , Matt Pope

New NLP benchmarks are urgently needed to align with the rapid development of large language models (LLMs). We present C-Eval, the first comprehensive Chinese evaluation suite designed to assess advanced knowledge and reasoning abilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yuzhen Huang , Yuzhuo Bai , Zhihao Zhu , Junlei Zhang , Jinghan Zhang , Tangjun Su , Junteng Liu , Chuancheng Lv , Yikai Zhang , Jiayi Lei , Yao Fu , Maosong Sun , Junxian He

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has been recognized as the key to improving LLMs' interaction quality. However, in this pluralistic world, human preferences can be diversified due to annotators' different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dun Zeng , Yong Dai , Pengyu Cheng , Longyue Wang , Tianhao Hu , Wanshun Chen , Nan Du , Zenglin Xu

While large language models (LLMs) have showcased impressive capabilities, they struggle with addressing legal queries due to the intricate complexities and specialized expertise required in the legal field. In this paper, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zhiwei Fei , Songyang Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen , Dawei Zhu , Xiao Wang , Maosong Cao , Fengzhe Zhou , Yining Li , Wenwei Zhang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen , Jidong Ge

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality text and making predictions based on large amounts of data, including the media domain. However, in practical applications, the differences between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Zhonghao Wang , Zijia Lu , Bo Jin , Haiying Deng

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in a significant knowledge gap between the open-source community and industry, primarily because the latter relies on closed-source, high-quality data and training recipes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Kairong Luo , Zhenbo Sun , Xinyu Shi , Shengqi Chen , Bowen Yu , Yunyi Chen , Chenyi Dang , Hengtao Tao , Hui Wang , Fangming Liu , Kaifeng Lyu , Wenguang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often aligned using contrastive alignment objectives and preference pair datasets. The interaction between model, paired data, and objective makes alignment a complicated procedure, sometimes producing…

RAG systems face limitations when semantic relevance alone does not guarantee improved generation quality. This issue becomes particularly evident due to the sensitivity of large language models (LLMs) to the ordering of few-shot prompts,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yu Bai , Yukai Miao , Li Chen , Dawei Wang , Dan Li , Yanyu Ren , Hongtao Xie , Ce Yang , Xuhui Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable abilities in producing human-like text. However, it is unclear how accurately these models internalize concepts that shape human thought and behavior. Here, we developed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hiro Taiyo Hamada , Ippei Fujisawa , Genji Kawakita , Yuki Yamada