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The intellectual property (IP) of Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be easily ``stolen'' by surrogate model attack. There has been significant progress in solutions to protect the IP of DNN models in classification tasks. However, little…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Han Fang , Zehua Ma , Weiming Zhang , Gang Hua , Nenghai Yu

Engineering a top-notch deep learning model is an expensive procedure that involves collecting data, hiring human resources with expertise in machine learning, and providing high computational resources. For that reason, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Omid Aramoon , Pin-Yu Chen , Gang Qu

The rapid advancement of customized Large Language Models (LLMs) offers considerable convenience. However, it also intensifies concerns regarding the protection of copyright/confidential information. With the extensive adoption of private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuehan Zhang , Peizhuo Lv , Yinpeng Liu , Yongqiang Ma , Wei Lu , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Jiawei Liu

Existing watermarking methods for large language models (LLMs) mainly embed watermark by adjusting the token sampling prediction or post-processing, lacking intrinsic coupling with LLMs, which may significantly reduce the semantic quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Siyuan Bao , Ying Shi , Zhiguang Yang , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Many learning tasks require us to deal with graph data which contains rich relational information among elements, leading increasing graph neural network (GNN) models to be deployed in industrial products for improving the quality of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Xiangyu Zhao , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have been gaining attention as a significant form of 3D content representation. With the proliferation of NeRF-based creations, the need for copyright protection has emerged as a critical issue. Although some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ziyuan Luo , Anderson Rocha , Boxin Shi , Qing Guo , Haoliang Li , Renjie Wan

As 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) is increasingly adopted in various academic and commercial applications due to its high-quality and real-time rendering capabilities, the need for copyright protection is growing. At the same time, its large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sumin In , Youngdong Jang , Utae Jeong , MinHyuk Jang , Hyeongcheol Park , Eunbyung Park , Sangpil Kim

Data watermarking in language models injects traceable signals, such as specific token sequences or stylistic patterns, into copyrighted text, allowing copyright holders to track and verify training data ownership. Previous data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xinyue Cui , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Swabha Swayamdipta , Robin Jia

As diffusion models (DMs) enable photorealistic image generation at unprecedented scale, watermarking techniques have become essential for provenance establishment and accountability. Existing methods face challenges: sampling-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hong-Hanh Nguyen-Le , Van-Tuan Tran , Thuc D. Nguyen , Nhien-An Le-Khac

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) leverage quantum computing to create powerful and efficient artificial intelligence models capable of solving complex problems significantly faster than traditional computers. With the fast development of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Limengnan Zhou , Hanzhou Wu

This work introduces \textbf{VideoMark}, a distortion-free robust watermarking framework for video diffusion models. As diffusion models excel in generating realistic videos, reliable content attribution is increasingly critical. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xuming Hu , Hanqian Li , Jungang Li , Yu Huang , Shuliang Liu , Qi Zheng , Junhao Chen , Aiwei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have witnessed a meteoric rise in popularity among the general public users over the past few months, facilitating diverse downstream tasks with human-level accuracy and proficiency. Prompts play an essential…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Hongwei Yao , Jian Lou , Kui Ren , Zhan Qin

Quantum cloud platforms have become the most widely adopted and mainstream approach for accessing quantum computing resources, due to the scarcity and operational complexity of quantum hardware. In this service-oriented paradigm, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Yang Yang , Yuzhu Long , Han Fang , Zhaoyun Chen , Zhonghui Li , Weiming Zhang , Guoping Guo

In the era of costly pre-training of large language models, ensuring the intellectual property rights of model owners, and insuring that said models are responsibly deployed, is becoming increasingly important. To this end, we propose model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vaden Masrani , Mohammad Akbari , David Ming Xuan Yue , Ahmad Rezaei , Yong Zhang

Digital watermarking is a remarkable issue in the field of information security to avoid the misuse of images in multimedia networks. Although access to unauthorized persons can be prevented through cryptography, it cannot be simultaneously…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Behrouz Bolourian Haghighi , Amir Hossein Taherinia , Ahad Harati , Modjtaba Rouhani

The proliferation of AI-generated content and sophisticated video editing tools has made it both important and challenging to moderate digital platforms. Video watermarking addresses these challenges by embedding imperceptible signals into…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Pierre Fernandez , Hady Elsahar , I. Zeki Yalniz , Alexandre Mourachko

As Diffusion Models (DM) generate increasingly realistic images, related issues such as copyright and misuse have become a growing concern. Watermarking is one of the promising solutions. Existing methods inject the watermark into the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kecen Li , Zhicong Huang , Xinwen Hou , Cheng Hong

The increasing deployment of intelligent agents in digital ecosystems, such as social media platforms, has raised significant concerns about traceability and accountability, particularly in cybersecurity and digital content protection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Kaibo Huang , Zipei Zhang , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in both text understanding and generation. Companies have begun to offer Embedding as a Service (EaaS) based on these LLMs, which can benefit various natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Wenjun Peng , Jingwei Yi , Fangzhao Wu , Shangxi Wu , Bin Zhu , Lingjuan Lyu , Binxing Jiao , Tong Xu , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie

The widespread deployment and redistribution of large language models (LLMs) have made model provenance tracking a critical challenge. While existing LLM fingerprinting methods, particularly active approaches that embed identity signals via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Sixu Chen , Xiang Chen , Hongyao Yu , Jiaxin Hong , Hao Fang , Shuoyang Sun , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia