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Masked Language Models (MLMs) pre-trained by predicting masked tokens on large corpora have been used successfully in natural language processing tasks for a variety of languages. Unfortunately, it was reported that MLMs also learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Masahiro Kaneko , Aizhan Imankulova , Danushka Bollegala , Naoaki Okazaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at producing broadly relevant text, but this generality becomes a limitation when user-specific preferences are required, such as recommending restaurants or planning travel. In these scenarios, users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ioannis Tsaknakis , Bingqing Song , Shuyu Gan , Dongyeop Kang , Alfredo Garcia , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

We consider the problem of aligning a large language model (LLM) to model the preferences of a human population. Modeling the beliefs, preferences, and behaviors of a specific population can be useful for a variety of different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Keiichi Namikoshi , Alex Filipowicz , David A. Shamma , Rumen Iliev , Candice L. Hogan , Nikos Arechiga

Human knowledge is collectively encoded in the roughly 6500 languages spoken around the world, but it is not distributed equally across languages. Hence, for information-seeking question answering (QA) systems to adequately serve speakers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Fahim Faisal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Large Language Models have garnered significant attention for their capabilities in multilingual natural language processing, while studies on risks associated with cross biases are limited to immediate context preferences. Cross-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Qianying Liu , Katrina Qiyao Wang , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

Preference alignment via reward models helps build safe, helpful, and reliable large language models (LLMs). However, subjectivity in preference judgments and the lack of representative sampling in preference data collection can introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Joel Mire , Zubin Trivadi Aysola , Daniel Chechelnitsky , Nicholas Deas , Chrysoula Zerva , Maarten Sap

The global deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about cultural misalignment, yet the linguistic properties of fine-tuning datasets used for cultural adaptation remain poorly understood. We adopt a dataset-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Reem I. Masoud , Chen Feng , Shunta Asano , Saied Alshahrani , Philip Colin Treleaven , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in user-facing applications, from providing medical consultations to job interview advice. Recent research suggests that these models are becoming increasingly proficient at inferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Matthew Kearney , Reuben Binns , Yarin Gal

Evaluation of multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging due to a variety of factors -- the lack of benchmarks with sufficient linguistic diversity, contamination of popular benchmarks into LLM pre-training data and the lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Ishaan Watts , Varun Gumma , Aditya Yadavalli , Vivek Seshadri , Manohar Swaminathan , Sunayana Sitaram

Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) systems enable language models to answer knowledge-intensive queries with citation-supported responses across languages. While such systems have been proposed, an open questions is whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dayeon Ki , Marine Carpuat , Paul McNamee , Daniel Khashabi , Eugene Yang , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

A key concern with the concept of "alignment" is the implicit question of "alignment to what?". AI systems are increasingly used across the world, yet safety alignment is often focused on homogeneous monolingual settings. Additionally,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermis , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Julia Kreutzer , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

As the reach of large language models (LMs) expands globally, their ability to cater to diverse cultural contexts becomes crucial. Despite advancements in multilingual capabilities, models are not designed with appropriate cultural nuances.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Tarek Naous , Michael J. Ryan , Alan Ritter , Wei Xu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences is challenging in domains where preference data is unavailable. We address the problem of learning reward models for such target domains by leveraging feedback collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 David Wu , Sanjiban Choudhury

One particularly promising use case of Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation is the automatic generation of Natural Language (NL) user taste profiles from consumption data. These profiles offer interpretable and editable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Bruno Sguerra , Elena V. Epure , Harin Lee , Manuel Moussallam

Large language models (LLMs) based AI systems increasingly mediate what billions of people see, choose and buy. This creates an urgent need to quantify the systemic risks of LLM-driven market intermediation, including its implications for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jasmine Rienecker , Katarina Mpofu , Naman Goel , Siddhartha Datta , Jun Zhao , Oscar Danielsson , Fredrik Thorsen

Auditory attention and selective phase-locking are central to human speech understanding in complex acoustic scenes and cocktail party settings, yet these capabilities in multilingual subjects remain poorly understood. While machine…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Sai Samrat Kankanala , Ram Chandra , Sriram Ganapathy

Large Language Models (LLMs) reflect the biases in their training data and, by extension, those of the people who created this training data. Detecting, analyzing, and mitigating such biases is becoming a focus of research. One type of bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Anna Kruspe

Learning the preferences of a human improves the quality of the interaction with the human. The number of queries available to learn preferences maybe limited especially when interacting with a human, and so active learning is a must. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Sriram Gopalakrishnan , Utkarsh Soni

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in everyday communication, including multilingual interactions across different cultural contexts. While LLMs can now generate near-perfect literal translations, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Helene Tenzer , Oumnia Abidi , Stefan Feuerriegel

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in clinical diagnostics, a domain that inherently requires synthesizing complex visual and textual data alongside consulting authoritative medical literature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yannian Gu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Xizhuo Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang