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Transformers, powered by the attention mechanism, are the backbone of most foundation models, yet they suffer from quadratic complexity and difficulties in dealing with long-range dependencies in the input sequence. Recent work has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Riccardo Zattra , Giacomo Baggio , Umberto Casti , Augusto Ferrante , Francesco Ticozzi

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) is a promising approach to progressively elicit the model's intelligence during inference. Recently, training-based TTS methods, such as continued reinforcement learning (RL), have further surged in popularity, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Kaiyan Chang , Yonghao Shi , Chenglong Wang , Hang Zhou , Chi Hu , Xiaoqian Liu , Yingfeng Luo , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning tasks through test-time scaling techniques like best-of-N sampling and tree search. However, these approaches often demand substantial computational resources, creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Woomin Song , Saket Dingliwal , Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi , Bhavana Ganesh , Jinwoo Shin , Aram Galstyan , Sravan Babu Bodapati

Memory retention challenges in deep neural architectures have ongoing limitations in the ability to process and recall extended contextual information. Token dependencies degrade as sequence length increases, leading to a decline in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Frederick Dillon , Gregor Halvorsen , Simon Tattershall , Magnus Rowntree , Gareth Vanderpool

This work investigates the impact of time rescaling on the performance of Feedback Quantum Algorithms (FQA) and their variant for optimization tasks, FALQON. We introduce TR-FQA and TR-FALQON, time-rescaled versions of FQA and FALQON,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 L. A. M. Rattighieri , G. E. L. Pexe , B. L. Bernado , F. F. Fanchini

Recent years, learned image compression has made tremendous progress to achieve impressive coding efficiency. Its coding gain mainly comes from non-linear neural network-based transform and learnable entropy modeling. However, most studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Donghui Feng , Zhengxue Cheng , Shen Wang , Ronghua Wu , Hongwei Hu , Guo Lu , Li Song

We present Eagle (RWKV-5) and Finch (RWKV-6), sequence models improving upon the RWKV (RWKV-4) architecture. Our architectural design advancements include multi-headed matrix-valued states and a dynamic recurrence mechanism that improve…

The paper investigates the problem of estimating the state of a time-varying system with a linear measurement model; in particular, the paper considers the case where the number of measurements available can be smaller than the number of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-07 Guido Cavraro , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Joshua Comden , Andrey Bernstein

Data scaling has revolutionized research fields like natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics control, providing foundation models with remarkable multi-task and generalization capabilities. In this paper, we investigate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-27 Shaohuai Liu , Lin Dong , Chao Tian , Le Xie

The efficient Test-Time Scaling (TTS) paradigm offers a promising perspective for enhancing the generation performance of diffusion models. However, current solutions are limited to a static, pre-defined noise pool and suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gang Dai , Yining Huang , Yiming Xia , Guohao Chen , Shuaicheng Niu

Parameterized state space models in the form of recurrent networks are often used in machine learning to learn from data streams exhibiting temporal dependencies. To break the black box nature of such models it is important to understand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Peter Tino

Deep discrete structured models have seen considerable progress recently, but traditional inference using dynamic programming (DP) typically works with a small number of states (less than hundreds), which severely limits model capacity. At…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yao Fu , John P. Cunningham , Mirella Lapata

Artificial neural networks are a promising technique for virtual analog modeling, having shown particular success in emulating distortion circuits. Despite their potential, enhancements are needed to enable effect parameters to influence…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Riccardo Simionato , Stefano Fasciani

The Transformer architecture, despite its widespread success, struggles with long-context scenarios due to quadratic computation and linear memory growth. While various linear attention variants mitigate these efficiency constraints by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yuqi Pan , Yongqi An , Zheng Li , Yuhong Chou , Ruijie Zhu , Xiaohui Wang , Mingxuan Wang , Jinqiao Wang , Guoqi Li

Recently, scaling test-time compute on Large Language Models (LLM) has garnered wide attention. However, there has been limited investigation of how various reasoning prompting strategies perform as scaling. In this paper, we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yexiang Liu , Zekun Li , Zhi Fang , Nan Xu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Despite significant advances in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) driven by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), this paradigm is fundamentally limited in specialized or novel domains where such supervision is prohibitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Sikai Bai , Haoxi Li , Jie Zhang , Yongjiang Liu , Song Guo

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across numerous academic benchmarks. However, fine-tuning still remains essential to achieve satisfactory performance on downstream tasks, while the task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Barry Menglong Yao , Qifan Wang , Lifu Huang

The Key-Value (KV) cache is integral to efficient autoregressive inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its unbounded growth in stateful multi-turn scenarios presents major challenges. This paper examines the interplay between KV…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Pratik Poudel

Recurrent-depth transformers scale test-time compute by iterating latent computations before emitting tokens. We study the geometry of these iterates and argue for a simple, two-scale operational picture: (i) within a looped block, updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Francesco Pappone , Donato Crisostomi , Emanuele Rodolà

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability: deeper circuits can represent richer states but suffer from noise accumulation and barren plateaus, while shallow circuits remain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Shaojun Wu , Shan Jin , Abolfazl Bayat , Xiaoting Wang
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