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This paper proposes a fast and accurate trajectory planning algorithm for autonomous parking. Nominally, an optimal control problem should be formulated to describe this scheme, but the dimensionality of the optimal control problem is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Bai Li , Tankut Acarman , Qi Kong , Youmin Zhang

To perform autonomous driving maneuvers, such as parallel or perpendicular parking, a vehicle requires continual speed and steering adjustments to follow a generated path. In consequence, the path's quality is a limiting factor of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-14 Jason Zalev

Sequential Convex Programming (SCP) has recently seen a surge of interest as a tool for trajectory optimization. However, most available methods lack rigorous performance guarantees and they are often tailored to specific optimal control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-04 Riccardo Bonalli , Abhishek Cauligi , Andrew Bylard , Marco Pavone

Finding a collision-free path for autonomous parking is usually performed by computing geometric equations, but the geometric approach may become unusable under challenging situations where space is highly constrained. We propose an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Jiri Vlasak , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

Stochastic trajectory optimization methods like STOMP enable planning with non-differentiable costs, offering substantial flexibility over gradient-based approaches. We show that STOMP implicitly minimizes the KL divergence from a Boltzmann…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hongzhe Yu , Zinuo Chang , Yongxin Chen

This paper presents a free space trajectory optimization algorithm of autonomous driving vehicle, which decouples the collision-free trajectory planning problem into a Dual-Loop Iterative Anchoring Path Smoothing (DL-IAPS) and a Piece-wise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Jinyun Zhou , Runxin He , Yu Wang , Shu Jiang , Zhenguang Zhu , Jiangtao Hu , Jinghao Miao , Qi Luo

Robots often have to operate in discrete partially observable worlds, where the states of world are only observable at runtime. To react to different world states, robots need contingencies. However, computing contingencies is costly and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Janis Eric Freund , Camille Phiquepal , Andreas Orthey , Marc Toussaint

Safety-guaranteed motion planning is critical for self-driving cars to generate collision-free trajectories. A layered motion planning approach with decoupled path and speed planning is widely used for this purpose. This approach is prone…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Srujan Deolasee , Qin Lin , Jialun Li , John M. Dolan

Ensuring safety and driving consistency is a significant challenge for autonomous vehicles operating in partially observed environments. This work introduces a consistent parallel trajectory optimization (CPTO) approach to enable safe and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lei Zheng , Rui Yang , Minzhe Zheng , Michael Yu Wang , Jun Ma

As a core part of autonomous driving systems, motion planning has received extensive attention from academia and industry. However, real-time trajectory planning capable of spatial-temporal joint optimization is challenged by nonholonomic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhichao Han , Yuwei Wu , Tong Li , Lu Zhang , Liuao Pei , Long Xu , Chengyang Li , Changjia Ma , Chao Xu , Shaojie Shen , Fei Gao

Trajectory planning for mobile robots in cluttered environments remains a major challenge due to narrow passages, where conventional methods often fail or generate suboptimal paths. To address this issue, we propose the adaptive trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hahjin Lee , Young J. Kim

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for optimal generation of nonholonomic paths for planning parking maneuvers with a kinematic car model. We demonstrate the use of Successive Convexification algorithms (SCvx), which guarantee path…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Ali Boyali , Simon Thompson

As autonomous driving continues to advance, automated parking is becoming increasingly essential. However, significant challenges arise when implementing path velocity decomposition (PVD) trajectory planning for automated parking. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhouheng Li , Lei Xie , Cheng Hu , Hongye Su

Coordinating the motions of multiple autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires planning frameworks that ensure safety while making efficient use of space and time. This paper presents a new approach, termed variable-time-step spatio-temporal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Pengfei Liu , Jialing Zhou , Yuezu Lv , Guanghui Wen , Tingwen Huang

This paper presents a spatial-based trajectory planning method for automated vehicles under actuator, obstacle avoidance, and vehicle dimension constraints. Starting from a nonlinear kinematic bicycle model, vehicle dynamics are transformed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Mogens Graf Plessen , Pedro F. Lima , Jonas Martensson , Alberto Bemporad , Bo Wahlberg

Though great effort has been put into the study of path planning on urban roads and highways, few works have studied the driving strategy and trajectory planning in low-speed driving scenarios, e.g., driving on a university campus or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Yuying Chen , Haoyang Ye , Ming Liu

Achieving reactive robot behavior in complex dynamic environments is still challenging as it relies on being able to solve trajectory optimization problems quickly enough, such that we can replan the future motion at frequencies which are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Julius Jankowski , Lara Brudermüller , Nick Hawes , Sylvain Calinon

In this paper, we present a novel approach to efficiently generate collision-free optimal trajectories for multiple non-holonomic mobile robots in obstacle-rich environments. Our approach first employs a graph-based multi-agent path planner…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Juncheng Li , Maopeng Ran , Lihua Xie

Automated parking is a self-driving feature that has been in cars for several years. Parking assistants in currently sold cars fail to park in more complex real-world scenarios and require the driver to move the car to an expected starting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jiri Vlasak , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

Safe and efficient path planning in parking scenarios presents a significant challenge due to the presence of cluttered environments filled with static and dynamic obstacles. To address this, we propose a novel and computationally efficient…

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