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Text classification is a representative downstream task of natural language processing, and has exhibited excellent performance since the advent of pre-trained language models based on Transformer architecture. However, in pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Byeong-Cheol Jo , Tak-Sung Heo , Yeongjoon Park , Yongmin Yoo , Won Ik Cho , Kyungsun Kim

Text data augmentation is an effective strategy for overcoming the challenge of limited sample sizes in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This challenge is especially prominent in the few-shot learning scenario, where the data…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems commonly use chunking strategies for retrieval, which enhance large language models (LLMs) by enabling them to access external knowledge, ensuring that the retrieved information is up-to-date and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hai Toan Nguyen , Tien Dat Nguyen , Viet Ha Nguyen

This paper proposes a Clustering, Labeling, then Augmenting framework that significantly enhances performance in Semi-Supervised Text Classification (SSTC) tasks, effectively addressing the challenge of vast datasets with limited labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shan Zhong , Jiahao Zeng , Yongxin Yu , Bohong Lin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation enhances language models by retrieving external knowledge to support informed and grounded responses. However, traditional RAG methods rely on fragment-level retrieval, limiting their ability to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenbiao Tao , Xinyuan Li , Yunshi Lan , Weining Qian

Research on data generation and augmentation has been focused majorly on enhancing generation models, leaving a notable gap in the exploration and refinement of methods for evaluating synthetic data. There are several text similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Tiasa Singha Roy , Priyam Basu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Despite significant advancements in multi-label text classification, the ability of existing models to generalize to novel and seldom-encountered complex concepts, which are compositions of elementary ones, remains underexplored. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yuyang Chai , Zhuang Li , Jiahui Liu , Lei Chen , Fei Li , Donghong Ji , Chong Teng

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably exhibit hallucinations since the accuracy of generated texts cannot be secured solely by the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a practicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shi-Qi Yan , Jia-Chen Gu , Yun Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common way to ground language models in external documents and up-to-date information. Classical retrieval systems relied on lexical methods such as BM25, which rank documents by term overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Martin Asenov , Kenza Benkirane , Dan Goldwater , Aneiss Ghodsi

Text augmentation is an effective technique for addressing the problem of insufficient data in natural language processing. However, existing text augmentation methods tend to focus on few-shot scenarios and usually perform poorly on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Heng Yang , Ke Li

Recent investigations into effective context lengths of modern flagship large language models (LLMs) have revealed major limitations in effective question answering (QA) and reasoning over long and complex contexts for even the largest and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anwesan Pal , Karen Hovsepian , Tinghao Guo , Mengnan Zhao , Somendra Tripathi , Nikos Kanakaris , George Mihaila , Sumit Nigam

In the current paradigm of image captioning, deep learning models are trained to generate text from image embeddings of latent features. We challenge the assumption that fine-tuning of large, bespoke models is required to improve model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Steven Song , Anirudh Subramanyam , Irene Madejski , Robert L. Grossman

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant information from external sources and has been widely adopted for text-based tasks. For structured data, such as knowledge graphs, Graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haoyu Han , Li Ma , Yu Wang , Harry Shomer , Yongjia Lei , Zhisheng Qi , Kai Guo , Zhigang Hua , Bo Long , Hui Liu , Charu C. Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach to infuse a private knowledge base of documents with Large Language Models (LLM) to build Generative Q\&A (Question-Answering) systems. However, RAG accuracy becomes increasingly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kunal Sawarkar , Abhilasha Mangal , Shivam Raj Solanki

Long text classification is challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to token limits and high computational costs. This study explores whether a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) approach using only the most relevant text…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on accurate document retrieval to ground large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge, yet retrieval quality often degrades in corpora where topics overlap and thematic variation is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Rodrigo Kataishi

Despite the prevalence of pretrained language models in natural language understanding tasks, understanding lengthy text such as document is still challenging due to the data sparseness problem. Inspired by that humans develop their ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Yueguan Wang , Naoki Yoshinaga

Incorporating external knowledge bases in traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) relies on parsing the document, followed by querying a language model with the parsed information via in-context learning. While effective for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jacob Si , Mike Qu , Michelle Lee , Marek Rei , Yingzhen Li

Retrieval augmentation has become an effective solution to empower large language models (LLMs) with external and verified knowledge sources from the database, which overcomes the limitations and hallucinations of LLMs in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tong Wu , Yulei Qin , Enwei Zhang , Zihan Xu , Yuting Gao , Ke Li , Xing Sun
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