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Discrete audio tokenizers are fundamental to empowering large language models with native audio processing and generation capabilities. Despite recent progress, existing approaches often rely on pretrained encoders, semantic distillation,…

In this letter, we investigate the robust beamforming design for an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system featuring low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Taking into account…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Tiantian Xu , Zhenyao He , Jindan Xu , Wei Xu , Jianfeng Wang , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Integrating audio comprehension and generation into large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the continuous nature of audio and the resulting high sampling rates. Here, we introduce a novel approach that combines Variational…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-31 Shivam Mehta , Nebojsa Jojic , Hannes Gamper

This paper explores the integration of model-based and data-driven approaches within the realm of neural speech and audio coding systems. It highlights the challenges posed by the subjective evaluation processes of speech and audio codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Minje Kim , Jan Skoglund

Neural autoencoders underpin generative models. Practical, large-scale use of neural autoencoders for generative modeling necessitates fast encoding, low latent rates, and a single model across representations. Existing approaches are…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jonah Casebeer , Ge Zhu , Zhepei Wang , Nicholas J. Bryan

Conventional audio coding technologies commonly leverage human perception of sound, or psychoacoustics, to reduce the bitrate while preserving the perceptual quality of the decoded audio signals. For neural audio codecs, however, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Kai Zhen , Mi Suk Lee , Jongmo Sung , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

We present T3C, a train-once, test-time budget-conditioned compression framework that exposes rank and precision as a controllable deployment knob. T3C combines elastic tensor factorization (maintained up to a maximal rank) with rank-tied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Ismail Lamaakal , Chaymae Yahyati , Yassine Maleh , Khalid El Makkaoui , Ibrahim Ouahbi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing by leveraging audio codecs to discretize audio into tokens, enabling the application of language modeling techniques to speech data. However, existing audio codecs…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Edresson Casanova , Paarth Neekhara , Ryan Langman , Shehzeen Hussain , Subhankar Ghosh , Xuesong Yang , Ante Jukić , Jason Li , Boris Ginsburg

Neural audio codecs (NACs) provide compact latent speech representations in the form of sequences of continuous vectors or discrete tokens. In this work, we investigate how these two types of speech representations compare when used as…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sofiene Kammoun , Xavier Alameda-Pineda , Simon Leglaive

Neural audio codecs (NACs) typically encode the short-term energy (gain) and normalized structure (shape) of speech/audio signals jointly within the same latent space. As a result, they are poorly robust to a global variation of the input…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Samir Sadok , Laurent Girin , Xavier Alameda-Pineda

In recent years, large language models have achieved significant success in generative tasks related to speech, audio, music, and other signal domains. A crucial element of these models is the discrete acoustic codecs, which serve as an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Shengpeng Ji , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Ziyue Jiang , Dingdong Wang , Hanting Wang , Hai Huang , Zhou Zhao

Bandwidth extension, the task of reconstructing the high-frequency components of an audio signal from its low-pass counterpart, is a long-standing problem in audio processing. While traditional approaches have evolved alongside the broader…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Benoît Giniès , Xiaoyu Bie , Olivier Fercoq , Gaël Richard

In low-bitrate speech coding, end-to-end speech coding networks aim to learn compact yet expressive features and a powerful decoder in a single network. A challenging problem as such results in unwelcome complexity increase and inferior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Haici Yang , Inseon Jang , Minje Kim

This paper presents LongCat-Audio-Codec, an audio tokenizer and detokenizer solution designed for industrial grade end-to-end speech large language models. By leveraging a decoupled model architecture and a multistage training strategy,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Xiaohan Zhao , Hongyu Xiang , Shengze Ye , Song Li , Zhengkun Tian , Guanyu Chen , Ke Ding , Guanglu Wan

While existing speech audio codecs designed for compression exploit limited forms of temporal redundancy and allow for multi-scale representations, they tend to represent all features of audio in the same way. In contrast, generative voice…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ryan Collette , Ross Greenwood , Serena Nicoll

Neural Audio Codecs (NACs) have become increasingly adopted in speech processing tasks due to their excellent rate-distortion performance and compatibility with Large Language Models (LLMs) as discrete feature representations for audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Harry Julian , Rachel Beeson , Lohith Konathala , Johanna Ulin , Jiameng Gao

Neural audio codecs discretize speech via residual vector quantization (RVQ), forming a coarse-to-fine hierarchy across quantizers. While codec models have been explored for representation learning, their discrete structure remains…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jinyang Wu , Zihan Pan , Qiquan Zhang , Sailor Hardik Bhupendra , Soumik Mondal

Recent advancements in Neural Audio Codec (NAC) models have inspired their use in various speech processing tasks, including speech enhancement (SE). In this work, we propose a novel, efficient SE approach by leveraging the pre-quantization…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Haoyang Li , Jia Qi Yip , Tianyu Fan , Eng Siong Chng

Neural compression has brought tremendous progress in designing lossy compressors with good rate-distortion (RD) performance at low complexity. Thus far, neural compression design involves transforming the source to a latent vector, which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Eric Lei , Hamed Hassani , Shirin Saeedi Bidokhti

Audio classification aims at recognizing audio signals, including speech commands or sound events. However, current audio classifiers are susceptible to perturbations and adversarial attacks. In addition, real-world audio classification…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Sayanton V. Dibbo , Juston S. Moore , Garrett T. Kenyon , Michael A. Teti