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In recent years, neuro-symbolic methods have become a popular and powerful approach that augments artificial intelligence systems with the capability to perform abstract, logical, and quantitative deductions with enhanced precision and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yuxuan Wu , Hideki Nakayama

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with formal domains that require rigorous logical deduction and symbolic reasoning, such as mathematical proof generation. We propose a neuro-symbolic approach that combines LLMs' generative strengths…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Oren Sultan , Eitan Stern , Dafna Shahaf

Neural-symbolic methods have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods mainly rely on syntactically mapping natural languages to complete formal languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiming Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Rui Wang

Prompting techniques have significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various complex tasks, including reasoning, planning, and solving math word problems. However, most research has predominantly focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Neisarg Dave , Daniel Kifer , C. Lee Giles , Ankur Mali

A critical question about Large Language Models (LLMs) is whether their apparent deficiency in mathematical reasoning is inherent, or merely a result of insufficient exposure to high-quality mathematical data. To explore this, we developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zenan Li , Zhi Zhou , Yuan Yao , Yu-Feng Li , Chun Cao , Fan Yang , Xian Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks but struggle with consistent rule application, exception handling, and explainability, particularly in domains like legal analysis that require both natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in situations where human values are at stake, such as decision-making tasks that involve reasoning when performed by humans. We investigate the so-called reasoning capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Nathaniël de Leeuw , Marceau Nahon , Mathis Reymond , Raja Chatila , Mehdi Khamassi

Autoformalisation, the task of expressing informal mathematical statements in formal language, is often viewed as a direct translation process. This, however, disregards a critical preceding step: conjecturing. Many mathematical problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jasivan Alex Sivakumar , Philipp Borchert , Ronald Cardenas , Gerasimos Lampouras

Large language models (LLMs) can prove mathematical theorems formally by generating proof steps (\textit{a.k.a.} tactics) within a proof system. However, the space of possible tactics is vast and complex, while the available training data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zenan Li , Zhaoyu Li , Wen Tang , Xian Zhang , Yuan Yao , Xujie Si , Fan Yang , Kaiyu Yang , Xiaoxing Ma

Prompting large language models has enabled significant recent progress in multi-step reasoning over text. However, when applied to text generation from semi-structured data (e.g., graphs or tables), these methods typically suffer from low…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Swarnadeep Saha , Xinyan Velocity Yu , Mohit Bansal , Ramakanth Pasunuru , Asli Celikyilmaz

As LLM-based agents increasingly operate in high-stakes domains with real-world consequences, ensuring their behavioral safety becomes paramount. The dominant oversight paradigm, LLM-as-a-Judge, faces a fundamental dilemma: how can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jiayi Zhou , Yang Sheng , Hantao Lou , Yaodong Yang , Jie Fu

Neural methods are transforming automated reasoning for proof assistants, yet integrating these advances into practical verification workflows remains challenging. A hammer is a tool that integrates premise selection, translation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Thomas Zhu , Joshua Clune , Jeremy Avigad , Albert Qiaochu Jiang , Sean Welleck

Computational models of pragmatic language use have traditionally relied on hand-specified sets of utterances and meanings, limiting their applicability to real-world language use. We propose a neuro-symbolic framework that enhances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Polina Tsvilodub , Robert D. Hawkins , Michael Franke

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on code understanding tasks, yet they fundamentally lack the ability to perform precise, exhaustive mathematical reasoning about program behavior. Existing benchmarks either focus…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown human-like reasoning abilities but still struggle with complex logical problems. This paper introduces a novel framework, Logic-LM, which integrates LLMs with symbolic solvers to improve logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Liangming Pan , Alon Albalak , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

We study mathematical discovery through the lens of neurosymbolic reasoning, where an AI agent powered by a large language model (LLM), coupled with symbolic computation tools, and human strategic direction, jointly produced a new result in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hai Xia , Carla P. Gomes , Bart Selman , Stefan Szeider

Large language models (LLMs) continue to face challenges in reliably solving reasoning tasks, particularly those that require precise rule following, as often found in mathematical reasoning. This paper introduces a novel neurosymbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Varun Dhanraj , Chris Eliasmith

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable potential across a wide array of reasoning tasks, including logical reasoning. Although massive efforts have been made to empower the logical reasoning ability of LLMs via external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Qingchuan Li , Jiatong Li , Tongxuan Liu , Yuting Zeng , Mingyue Cheng , Weizhe Huang , Qi Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results across various tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. Developing AI systems with strong reasoning capabilities is regarded as a crucial milestone in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiao-Wen Yang , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Bo-Wen Zhang , Zhi Zhou , Lin-Han Jia , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yu-Feng Li

Mathematical theorem proving is an important testbed for large language models' deep and abstract reasoning capability. This paper focuses on improving LLMs' ability to write proofs in formal languages that permit automated proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kefan Dong , Arvind Mahankali , Tengyu Ma
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