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AI-generated counterspeech offers a promising and scalable strategy to curb online toxicity through direct replies that promote civil discourse. However, current counterspeech is one-size-fits-all, lacking adaptation to the moderation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Lorenzo Cima , Alessio Miaschi , Amaury Trujillo , Marco Avvenuti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Stefano Cresci

The legal field already uses various large language models (LLMs) in actual applications, but their quantitative performance and reasons for it are underexplored. We evaluated several open-source and proprietary LLMs -- including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Bhakti Khera , Rezvan Alamian , Pascal A. Scherz , Stephan M. Goetz

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are entering clinician workflows, yet evaluations rarely measure how clinician reasoning shapes model behavior during clinical interactions. We combined 61 New England Journal of Medicine Case Records with 92…

Conversational AI has been proposed as a scalable way to correct public misconceptions and spread misinformation. Yet its effectiveness may depend on perceptions of its political neutrality. As LLMs enter partisan conflict, elites…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Matthew DiGiuseppe , Joshua Robison

AI developers often apply safety alignment procedures to prevent the misuse of their AI systems. For example, before Meta released Llama 2-Chat - a collection of instruction fine-tuned large language models - they invested heavily in safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Simon Lermen , Charlie Rogers-Smith , Jeffrey Ladish

We examine two properties of AI systems: capability (what a system can do) and steerability (how reliably one can shift behavior toward intended outcomes). A central question is whether capability growth reduces steerability and risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jakub Hoscilowicz

Large language models are increasingly deployed not as single assistants but as committees whose members deliberate and then vote or synthesize a decision. Such systems are often expected to be more robust than individual models. We show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hajime Shimao , Warut Khern-am-nuai , Sung Joo Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable results, but their increasing resource demand has become a major obstacle to the development of powerful and accessible super-human intelligence. This report introduces JetMoE-8B, a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yikang Shen , Zhen Guo , Tianle Cai , Zengyi Qin

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) are inclined explore Small Language Models (SLMs) as edge-native constitutional firewalls to vet proposals and mitigate semantic social engineering. While scaling inference-time compute (System…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Syed Muhammad Aqdas Rizvi

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into construction project management (CPM) is accelerating, with Large Language Models (LLMs) emerging as accessible decision-support tools. This study aims to critically evaluate the ethical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Somtochukwu Azie , Yiping Meng

This study proposes an "AI Development Support" approach that, unlike conventional AI Alignment-which aims to forcefully inject human values-supports the ethical and moral development of AI itself. As demonstrated by the Orthogonality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Taichiro Endo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance Agent-Based Modeling by better representing complex interdependent cybersecurity systems, improving cybersecurity threat modeling and risk management. However, evaluating LLMs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Tam n. Nguyen

Large language model (LLM) agents on multi-step tasks suffer reasoning degradation, looping, drift, stuck states, at rates up to 30% on hard tasks. Current solutions include hard step limits (abrupt) or LLM-as-judge monitoring (10-15%…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rafflesia Khan , Nafiul Islam Khan

Modular AI systems can be developed using LLM-prompts-based modules to minimize deployment time even for complex tasks. However, these systems do not always perform well and improving them using the data traces collected from a deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Karan Taneja , Ashok Goel

Artificial intelligence's (AI) progress holds great promise in tackling pressing societal concerns such as health and climate. Large Language Models (LLM) and the derived chatbots, like ChatGPT, have highly improved the natural language…

Grading assessments is time-consuming and prone to human bias. Students may experience delays in receiving feedback that may not be tailored to their expectations or needs. Harnessing AI in education can be effective for grading…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-12-01 Ryan Mok , Faraaz Akhtar , Louis Clare , Christine Li , Jun Ida , Lewis Ross , Mario Campanelli

As language models achieve increasingly human-like capabilities in conversational text generation, a critical question emerges: to what extent can these systems simulate the characteristics of specific individuals? To evaluate this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Quan Shi , Carlos E. Jimenez , Stephen Dong , Brian Seo , Caden Yao , Adam Kelch , Karthik Narasimhan

Today, most large-scale conversational AI agents (e.g. Alexa, Siri, or Google Assistant) are built using manually annotated data to train the different components of the system. Typically, the accuracy of the ML models in these components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Pragaash Ponnusamy , Alireza Roshan Ghias , Chenlei Guo , Ruhi Sarikaya