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Embedding layers are commonly used to map discrete symbols into continuous embedding vectors that reflect their semantic meanings. Despite their effectiveness, the number of parameters in an embedding layer increases linearly with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Ting Chen , Lala Li , Yizhou Sun

Under limited data setting, GANs often struggle to navigate and effectively exploit the input latent space. Consequently, images generated from adjacent variables in a sparse input latent space may exhibit significant discrepancies in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jian Wang , Xin Lan , Jizhe Zhou , Yuxin Tian , Jiancheng Lv

The success of product quantization (PQ) for fast nearest neighbor search depends on the exponentially reduced complexities of both storage and computation with respect to the codebook size. Recent efforts have been focused on employing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Jiangbo Yuan , Xiuwen Liu

Recently, Information Retrieval community has witnessed fast-paced advances in Dense Retrieval (DR), which performs first-stage retrieval with embedding-based search. Despite the impressive ranking performance, previous studies usually…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Jingtao Zhan , Jiaxin Mao , Yiqun Liu , Jiafeng Guo , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

Super-resolution (SR) networks have been investigated for a while, with their mobile and lightweight versions gaining noticeable popularity recently. Quantization, the procedure of decreasing the precision of network parameters (mostly FP32…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Alperen Kalay , Bahri Batuhan Bilecen , Mustafa Ayazoglu

Speech tokenization is crucial in digital speech processing, converting continuous speech signals into discrete units for various computational tasks. This paper introduces a novel speech tokenizer with broad applicability across downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Wonjin Jung , Sungil Kang , Dong-Yeon Cho

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a well-known technique in deep learning for extracting informative discrete latent representations. VQ-embedded models have shown impressive results in a range of applications including image and speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tanmay Gautam , Reid Pryzant , Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Somayeh Sojoudi

Mixed-precision quantization (MPQ) suffers from the time-consuming process of searching the optimal bit-width allocation i.e., the policy) for each layer, especially when using large-scale datasets such as ISLVRC-2012. This limits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Chen Tang , Kai Ouyang , Zenghao Chai , Yunpeng Bai , Yuan Meng , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Mixed precision quantization (MPQ) is an effective quantization approach to achieve accuracy-complexity trade-off of neural network, through assigning different bit-widths to network activations and weights in each layer. The typical way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Haidong Kang , Lianbo Ma , Guo Yu , Shangce Gao

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has proven to be useful in various speech tasks. However, these methods are generally very demanding in terms of data, memory, and computational resources. BERT-based Speech pre-Training with Random-projection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ryan Whetten , Titouan Parcollet , Marco Dinarelli , Yannick Estève

Continuous value prediction plays a crucial role in industrial-scale recommendation systems, including tasks such as predicting users' watch-time and estimating the gross merchandise value (GMV) in e-commerce transactions. However, it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Runpeng Cui , Zhipeng Sun , Chi Lu , Peng Jiang

To obtain lower inference latency and less memory footprint of deep neural networks, model quantization has been widely employed in deep model deployment, by converting the floating points to low-precision integers. However, previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Yangcheng Gao , Zhao Zhang , Richang Hong , Haijun Zhang , Jicong Fan , Shuicheng Yan

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains a very challenging problem due to the unavailability of a reference image. Deep learning based BIQA methods have been attracting increasing attention in recent years, yet it remains a difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Hui Zeng , Lei Zhang , Alan C. Bovik

Data2vec is a self-supervised learning (SSL) approach that employs a teacher-student architecture for contextual representation learning via masked prediction, demonstrating remarkable performance in monolingual ASR. Previous studies have…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Qijie Shao , Linhao Dong , Kun Wei , Sining Sun , Lei Xie

The rise of IoT devices has prompted the demand for deploying machine learning at-the-edge with real-time, efficient, and secure data processing. In this context, implementing machine learning (ML) models with real-valued weight parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ce Feng , Parv Venkitasubramaniam

Large speech recognition models like Whisper-small achieve high accuracy but are difficult to deploy on edge devices due to their high computational demand. To this end, we present a unified, cross-library evaluation of post-training…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Arthur Söhler , Julian Irigoyen , Andreas Søeborg Kirkedal

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for learning flexible speech representations from unlabeled data. By designing pretext tasks that exploit statistical regularities, SSL models can capture useful…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Yusuf Brima , Ulf Krumnack , Simone Pika , Gunther Heidemann

Recent end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have become increasingly larger, making them particularly challenging to be deployed on resource-constrained devices. Model quantisation is an effective solution that sometimes…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Qiuming Zhao , Guangzhi Sun , Chao Zhang , Mingxing Xu , Thomas Fang Zheng

Vector Quantization (VQ) has become the cornerstone of tokenization for many multimodal Large Language Models and diffusion synthesis. However, existing VQ paradigms suffer from a fundamental conflict: they enforce discretization before the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Zhouhan Lin , Dianbo Liu

Compactness in deep learning can be critical to a model's viability in low-resource applications, and a common approach to extreme model compression is quantization. We consider Iterative Product Quantization (iPQ) with Quant-Noise to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Tianhong Huang , Victor Agostinelli , Lizhong Chen