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Probabilistic computing using probabilistic bits (p-bits) presents an efficient alternative to traditional CMOS logic for complex problem-solving, including simulated annealing and machine learning. Realizing p-bits with emerging devices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Naoya Onizawa , Takahiro Hanyu

Parallel p-bit Ising machines are a promising platform for fast and energy-efficient combinatorial optimization, but their scalability depends on update synchronization, hardware delay, and architectural cost. In this work, we establish a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Naoya Onizawa , Takahiro Hanyu

Probabilistic computers built from p-bits offer a promising path for combinatorial optimization, but the dense connectivity required by real-world problems scales poorly in hardware. Here, we address this through graph sparsification with…

We present a novel self-correcting, high-speed optoelectronic probabilistic computer architecture that leverages source-device independent (SDI) quantum photonic p-bits integrated with robust electronic control. Our approach combines the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Ramy Aboushelbaya , Annika Moslein , Hadi Azar , Hamid Tanhaei , Marko von der Leyen

Probabilistic bit (p-bit)-based compute engines utilize the unique capability of a p-bit to probabilistically switch between two states to solve computationally challenging problems. However, when solving problems that require more than two…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Abir Hasan , Nikhil Shukla

Performance of distributed data center applications can be improved through use of FPGA-based SmartNICs, which provide additional functionality and enable higher bandwidth communication. Until lately, however, the lack of a simple approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Rushi Patel , Pouya Haghi , Shweta Jain , Andriy Kot , Venkata Krishnan , Mayank Varia , Martin Herbordt

Correlation Plenoptic Imaging (CPI) is a novel technological imaging modality enabling to overcome drawbacks of standard plenoptic devices, while preserving their advantages. However, a major challenge in view of real-time application of…

The nearing end of Moore's Law has been driving the development of domain-specific hardware tailored to solve a special set of problems. Along these lines, probabilistic computing with inherently stochastic building blocks (p-bits) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Navid Anjum Aadit , Andrea Grimaldi , Giovanni Finocchio , Kerem Y. Camsari

Probabilistic bits (p-bits) offer an energy-efficient hardware abstraction for stochastic optimization; however, existing p-bit-based simulated annealing accelerators suffer from poor scalability and limited support for fully connected…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Naoya Onizawa , Taiga Kubuta , Duckgyu Shin , Takahiro Hanyu

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) offer a promising avenue to perform embedded reasoning under uncertainty. They support efficient and exact computation of various probabilistic inference tasks by design. Hence, hardware-efficient computation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lingyun Yao , Martin Trapp , Jelin Leslin , Gaurav Singh , Peng Zhang , Karthekeyan Periasamy , Martin Andraud

The search of hardware-compatible strategies for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) is an important challenge of today s computing research because of their wide range of applications in real world optimization…

In this paper we present a concrete design for a probabilistic (p-) computer based on a network of p-bits, robust classical entities fluctuating between -1 and +1, with probabilities that are controlled through an input constructed from the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Brian Sutton , Rafatul Faria , Lakshmi A. Ghantasala , Risi Jaiswal , Kerem Y. Camsari , Supriyo Datta

Computation in the past decades has been driven by deterministic computers based on classical deterministic bits. Recently, alternative computing paradigms and domain-based computing like quantum computing and probabilistic computing have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Jan Kaiser , Risi Jaiswal , Behtash Behin-Aein , Supriyo Datta

In this letter, an accelerated quadratic programming (QP) algorithm is proposed based on the proximal gradient method. The algorithm can achieve convergence rate $O(1/p^{\alpha})$, where $p$ is the iteration number and $\alpha$ is the given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Jia Wang , Ying Yang

We present Pcodec (Pco), a format and algorithm for losslessly compressing numerical (float or integer) sequences. Pco's core and most novel component is a binning algorithm that quickly converges to the true entropy of smoothly,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Martin Loncaric , Niels Jeppesen , Ben Zinberg

Recently, there has been growing interest in unconventional computing as an approach for solving NP-hard problems, by developing dedicated hardware to find solutions more efficiently than conventional CPUs. In many of these approaches,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Amy J. Searle , Harry Youel , Fredrik Hasselgren , Annika Möslein , Ramy Aboushelbaya , Marko von der Leyen

Nowadays, the number of emerging embedded systems rapidly grows in many application domains, due to recent advances in artificial intelligence and internet of things. The main inherent specification of these application-specific systems is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Mohsen Faryabi , Amir Hossein Moradi

Quantum circuit simulation is important in the evolution of quantum software and hardware. Novel algorithms can be developed and evaluated by performing quantum circuit simulations on classical computers before physical quantum computers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Yu-Tsung Wu , Po-Hsuan Huang , Kai-Chieh Chang , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

Probabilistic computing is a novel computing scheme that offers a more efficient approach than conventional CMOS-based logic in a variety of applications ranging from optimization to Bayesian inference, and invertible Boolean logic. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 John Daniel , Zheng Sun , Xuejian Zhang , Yuanqiu Tan , Neil Dilley , Zhihong Chen , Joerg Appenzeller

Recent demonstrations on specialized benchmarks have reignited excitement for quantum computers, yet whether they can deliver an advantage for practical real-world problems remains an open question. Here, we show that probabilistic…

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