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Related papers: The Bayesian Global Sky Model (B-GSM): A Calibrate…

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We introduce the Bayesian Global Sky Model (B-GSM), a novel data-driven Bayesian approach to modelling radio foregrounds at frequencies <400~MHz. B-GSM aims to address the limitations of previous models by incorporating robust error…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 George Carter , Will Handley , Mark Ashdown , Nima Razavi-Ghods

The Haslam 408 MHz all-sky map is widely used as a template to model the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission at radio and microwave frequencies. Recent studies have suggested that there are large uncorrected flux scale errors in this map,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Ainulnabilah Nasirudin , Philip Bull

We present an improved Global Sky Model (GSM) of diffuse galactic radio emission from 10 MHz to 5 THz, whose uses include foreground modeling for CMB and 21 cm cosmology. Our model improves on past work both algorithmically and by adding…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-05 Haoxuan Zheng , Max Tegmark , Joshua S. Dillon , Doyeon A. Kim , Adrian Liu , Abraham Neben , Justin Jonas , Patricia Reich , Wolfgang Reich

We report absolutely calibrated measurements of diffuse radio emission between 90 and 190 MHz from the Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature (EDGES). EDGES employs a wide beam zenith-pointing dipole antenna centred on a declination…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-25 Thomas. J. Mozdzen , Judd. D. Bowman , Raul. A. Monsalve , Alan. E. E. Rogers

We use EDGES measurements to determine scale and zero-level corrections to the diffuse radio surveys by Guzm\'an et al. at $45$ MHz and Landecker & Wielebinski at $150$ MHz. We find that the Guzm\'an et al. map requires a scale correction…

Understanding diffuse Galactic radio emission is interesting both in its own right and for minimizing foreground contamination of cosmological measurements. Cosmic Microwave Background experiments have focused on frequencies > 10 GHz,…

We present Global MOdel for the radio Sky Spectrum (GMOSS) -- a novel, physically motivated model of the low-frequency radio sky from 22 MHz to 23 GHz. GMOSS invokes different physical components and associated radiative processes to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-19 Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao , Ravi Subrahmanyan , N Udaya Shankar , Jens Chluba

We present an all-sky map of the synchrotron spectral index and curvature between 45 and 2300 MHz at a resolution of 1 degree calculated from a combination of numerous partial sky empirical measurements. We employ a least-squares parametric…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-08 Melis O. Irfan , Giuseppe Puglisi

Diffuse Galactic emission at low frequencies is a major contaminant for studies of redshifted $21$ cm line studies. Removal of these foregrounds is essential for exploiting the signal from neutral hydrogen at high redshifts. Analysis of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-05 Sandeep Rana , Tuhin Ghosh , J. S. Bagla , Pravabati Chingangbam

A detailed knowledge of the Galactic radio continuum is of high interest for studies of the dynamics and structure of the Galaxy as well as for the problem of foreground removal in Cosmic Microwave Background measurements. In this work we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 P. Platania , C. Burigana , D. Maino , E. Caserini , M. Bersanelli , B. Cappellini , A. Mennella

Measurement of the global 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is made difficult by bright foreground emission which is 2-5 orders of magnitude larger than the expected signal. Fitting for a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-20 Michael Pagano , Peter Sims , Adrian Liu , Dominic Anstey , Will Handley , Eloy De Lera Acedo

A full-sky template map of the Galactic free-free foreground emission component is increasingly important for high sensitivity CMB experiments. We use the recently published \ha data of both the northern and southern skies as the basis for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 C. Dickinson , R. D. Davies , R. J. Davis

It is commonplace in pulsar and fast radio burst (FRB) literature to estimate sky temperature by frequency-scaling of the Haslam et al. (1982) 408 MHz map. I suggest that this practice should stop, in favor of using readily-available global…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-03 Danny C. Price

We report the spectral index of diffuse radio emission between 50 and 100 MHz from data collected with two implementations of the Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature (EDGES) low-band system. EDGES employs a wide beam…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-08 Thomas J. Mozdzen , Nivedita Mahesh , Raul A. Monsalve , Alan E. E. Rogers , Judd D. Bowman

We develop a Bayesian model that jointly constrains receiver calibration, foregrounds and cosmic 21cm signal for the EDGES global 21\,cm experiment. This model simultaneously describes calibration data taken in the lab along with sky-data…

The 408 MHz Haslam map is widely used as a low-frequency anchor for the intensity and morphology of Galactic synchrotron emission. Multi-frequency, multi-experiment fits show evidence of spatial variation and curvature in the synchrotron…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-29 Michael J. Wilensky , Melis O. Irfan , Philip Bull

The cosmic microwave background $B$-mode signal is potentially weaker than the diffuse Galactic foregrounds over most of the sky at any frequency. A common method of separating the CMB from these foregrounds is via pixel-based…

The all-sky 408 MHz map of Haslam et al. is one the most important total-power radio surveys. It has been widely used to study diffuse synchrotron radiation from our Galaxy and as a template to remove foregrounds in cosmic microwave…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 M. Remazeilles , C. Dickinson , A. J. Banday , M. -A. Bigot-Sazy , T. Ghosh

We present a study of the compatibility of some current models of the diffuse Galactic continuum gamma rays with EGRET data. A set of regions sampling the whole sky is chosen to provide a comprehensive range of tests. The range of EGRET…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko , O. Reimer

The C-Band All-Sky Survey C-BASS is a high-sensitivity all-sky radio survey at an angular resolution of 45 arcmin and a frequency of 4.7 GHz. We present a total intensity 4.7 GHz map of the North Celestial Pole (NCP) region of sky, above…

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