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A comprehensive representation of an image requires understanding objects and their mutual relationship, especially in image-to-graph generation, e.g., road network extraction, blood-vessel network extraction, or scene graph generation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Suprosanna Shit , Rajat Koner , Bastian Wittmann , Johannes Paetzold , Ivan Ezhov , Hongwei Li , Jiazhen Pan , Sahand Sharifzadeh , Georgios Kaissis , Volker Tresp , Bjoern Menze

Unified multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) that can both understand and generate visual content hold immense potential. However, existing open-source models often suffer from a performance trade-off between these capabilities. We…

Unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) aim to unify image understanding and image generation within a single framework, where a shared visual tokenizer serves as the sole interface that maps high-dimensional images into a limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lv Tang , Tianyi Zheng , Bo Li , Xingyu Li

Generative models have made significant progress in the tasks of modeling complex data distributions such as natural images. The introduction of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and auto-encoders lead to the possibility of training on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Tobias Hinz , Stefan Wermter

We present VINO, a unified visual generator that performs image and video generation and editing within a single framework. Instead of relying on task-specific models or independent modules for each modality, VINO uses a shared diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junyi Chen , Tong He , Zhoujie Fu , Pengfei Wan , Kun Gai , Weicai Ye

In this work, we present HieraTok, a novel multi-scale Vision Transformer (ViT)-based tokenizer that overcomes the inherent limitation of modeling single-scale representations. This is realized through two key designs: (1) multi-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cong Chen , Ziyuan Huang , Cheng Zou , Muzhi Zhu , Kaixiang Ji , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Recent years have seen remarkable progress in both multimodal understanding models and image generation models. Despite their respective successes, these two domains have evolved independently, leading to distinct architectural paradigms:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shanshan Zhao , Xinjie Zhang , Jintao Guo , Jiakui Hu , Lunhao Duan , Minghao Fu , Yong Xien Chng , Guo-Hua Wang , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) integrate both visual understanding and generation within a single framework. Their ultimate aspiration is to create a cycle where understanding and generation mutually reinforce each other. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zihan Su , Hongyang Wei , Kangrui Cen , Yong Wang , Guanhua Chen , Chun Yuan , Xiangxiang Chu

Techniques for concept extraction, such as sparse autoencoders and transcoders, aim to extract high-level symbolic concepts from low-level nonsymbolic representations. When these extracted concepts are used for downstream tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Chandler Squires , Pradeep Ravikumar

Cross-modal alignment Learning integrates information from different modalities like text, image, audio and video to create unified models. This approach develops shared representations and learns correlations between modalities, enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Bilal Faye , Hanane Azzag , Mustapha Lebbah

Autoregressive models have demonstrated great performance in natural language processing (NLP) with impressive scalability, adaptability and generalizability. Inspired by their notable success in NLP field, autoregressive models have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Kai Jiang , Jiaxing Huang

Many adaptations of transformers have emerged to address the single-modal vision tasks, where self-attention modules are stacked to handle input sources like images. Intuitively, feeding multiple modalities of data to vision transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Yikai Wang , Xinghao Chen , Lele Cao , Wenbing Huang , Fuchun Sun , Yunhe Wang

Lighting has a strong influence on visual appearance, yet understanding and representing lighting in images remains notoriously difficult. Various lighting representations exist, such as environment maps, irradiance, spherical harmonics, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zitian Zhang , Iliyan Georgiev , Michael Fischer , Yannick Hold-Geoffroy , Jean-François Lalonde , Valentin Deschaintre

Visual text recognition is undoubtedly one of the most extensively researched topics in computer vision. Great progress have been made to date, with the latest models starting to focus on the more practical "in-the-wild" setting. However, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Ayan Kumar Bhunia , Pinaki Nath Chowdhury , Aneeshan Sain , Yi-Zhe Song

Existing state-of-the-art image tokenization methods leverage diverse semantic features from pre-trained vision models for additional supervision, to expand the distribution of latent representations and thereby improve the quality of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Xuan Zhao , Zhongyu Zhang , Yuge Huang , Yuxi Mi , Guodong Mu , Shouhong Ding , Jun Wang , Rizen Guo , Shuigeng Zhou

Vector-Quantized Generative Models (VQGMs) have emerged as powerful tools for image generation. However, the key component of VQGMs -- the codebook of discrete tokens -- is still not well understood, e.g., which tokens are critical to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianze Yang , Yucheng Shi , Mengnan Du , Xuansheng Wu , Qiaoyu Tan , Jin Sun , Ninghao Liu

Generative audio modeling has largely been fragmented into specialized tasks, text-to-speech (TTS), text-to-music (TTM), and text-to-audio (TTA), each operating under heterogeneous control paradigms. Unifying these modalities remains a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Chunyu Qiang , Xiaopeng Wang , Kang Yin , Yuzhe Liang , Yuxin Guo , Teng Ma , Ziyu Zhang , Tianrui Wang , Cheng Gong , Yushen Chen , Ruibo Fu , Chen Zhang , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang

Existed pre-training methods either focus on single-modal tasks or multi-modal tasks, and cannot effectively adapt to each other. They can only utilize single-modal data (i.e. text or image) or limited multi-modal data (i.e. image-text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Wei Li , Can Gao , Guocheng Niu , Xinyan Xiao , Hao Liu , Jiachen Liu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

We propose UniTAB that Unifies Text And Box outputs for grounded vision-language (VL) modeling. Grounded VL tasks such as grounded captioning require the model to generate a text description and align predicted words with object regions. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Zhengyuan Yang , Zhe Gan , Jianfeng Wang , Xiaowei Hu , Faisal Ahmed , Zicheng Liu , Yumao Lu , Lijuan Wang

When humans perceive the world, they naturally integrate multiple audio-visual tasks within dynamic, real-world scenes. However, current works such as event localization, parsing, segmentation and question answering are mostly explored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Guangyao Li , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu