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Generative models powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as a unified solution for powering both recommendation and search tasks. A key design choice in these models is how to represent items, traditionally through unique…

In recent years, substantial research efforts have been devoted to enhancing sequential recommender systems by integrating abundant side information with ID-based collaborative information. This study specifically focuses on leveraging the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Enze Liu , Bowen Zheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Semantic ID (SID)-based recommendation is a promising paradigm for scaling sequential recommender systems, but existing methods largely follow a semantic-centric pipeline: item embeddings are learned from foundation models and discretized…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yu Liang , Zhongjin Zhang , Yuxuan Zhu , Kerui Zhang , Zhiluohan Guo , Wenhang Zhou , Zonqi Yang , Kangle Wu , Yabo Ni , Anxiang Zeng , Cong Fu , Jianxin Wang , Jiazhi Xia

Leveraging the vast open-world knowledge and understanding capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to develop general-purpose, semantically-aware recommender systems has emerged as a pivotal research direction in generative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhiyang Zhang , Junda She , Kuo Cai , Bo Chen , Shiyao Wang , Xinchen Luo , Qiang Luo , Ruiming Tang , Han Li , Kun Gai , Guorui Zhou

Semantic ID learning is a key interface in Generative Recommendation (GR) models, mapping items to discrete identifiers grounded in side information, most commonly via a pretrained text encoder. However, these text encoders are primarily…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shutong Qiao , Wei Yuan , Tong Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Hongzhi Yin

Generative Recommendation has revolutionized recommender systems by reformulating retrieval as a sequence generation task over discrete item identifiers. Despite the progress, existing approaches typically rely on static, decoupled…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Huanjie Wang , Xinchen Luo , Honghui Bao , Zhang Zixing , Lejian Ren , Yunfan Wu , Hongwei Zhang , Liwei Guan , Guang Chen

Large language models have recently shown promise for multimodal recommendation, particularly with text and image inputs. Yet real-world recommendation signals extend far beyond these modalities. To reflect this, we formalize recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Zijie Lei , Tao Feng , Zhigang Hua , Yan Xie , Guanyu Lin , Shuang Yang , Ge Liu , Jiaxuan You

Recommender systems, which merely leverage user-item interactions for user preference prediction (such as the collaborative filtering-based ones), often face dramatic performance degradation when the interactions of users or items are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Xinxiao Zhao , Zhiyong Cheng , Lei Zhu , Jiecai Zheng , Xueqing Li

Conversational recommender systems aim to provide personalized recommendations via natural language interactions. However, existing approaches either decouple recommendation from dialog generation or rely on retrieval-based pipelines,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sixiao Zhang , Mingrui Liu , Cheng Long

Multimodal recommendation has emerged as a promising solution to alleviate the cold-start and sparsity problems in collaborative filtering by incorporating rich content information, such as product images and textual descriptions. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sibei Liu , Yuanzhe Zhang , Xiang Li , Yunbo Liu , Chengwei Feng , Hao Yang

Modeling time-evolving preferences of users with their sequential item interactions, has attracted increasing attention in many online applications. Hence, sequential recommender systems have been developed to learn the dynamic user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Lianghao Xia , Chao Huang , Yong Xu , Jian Pei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential for generative recommendation by leveraging rich semantic knowledge. However, existing LLM-based recommender systems struggle to effectively incorporate collaborative filtering…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Fake Lin , Binbin Hu , Zhi Zheng , Xi Zhu , Ziqi Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Tong Xu

Generative Sequential Recommendation (GSR) has emerged as a promising paradigm, reframing recommendation as an autoregressive sequence generation task over discrete Semantic IDs (SIDs), typically derived via codebook-based quantization.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Dengzhao Fang , Jingtong Gao , Yu Li , Xiangyu Zhao , Yi Chang

Cold-start item recommendation is a long-standing challenge in recommendation systems. A common remedy is to use a content-based approach, but rich information from raw contents in various forms has not been fully utilized. In this paper,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jooeun Kim , Jinri Kim , Kwangeun Yeo , Eungi Kim , Kyoung-Woon On , Jonghwan Mun , Joonseok Lee

Prior study has shown that pretrained language models (PLM) can boost the performance of text-based recommendation. In contrast to previous works that either use PLM to encode user history as a whole input text, or impose an additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Zhiming Mao , Huimin Wang , Yiming Du , Kam-fai Wong

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in recommender systems, either improving existing recommendation models or serving as the backbone. However, there exists a large semantic gap between LLMs and recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Bowen Zheng , Yupeng Hou , Hongyu Lu , Yu Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ming Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

In order to model the evolution of user preference, we should learn user/item embeddings based on time-ordered item purchasing sequences, which is defined as Sequential Recommendation (SR) problem. Existing methods leverage sequential…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Ziwei Fan , Zhiwei Liu , Jiawei Zhang , Yun Xiong , Lei Zheng , Philip S. Yu

Incorporating item content information into click-through rate (CTR) prediction models remains a challenge, especially with the time and space constraints of industrial scenarios. The content-encoding paradigm, which integrates user and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Qijiong Liu , Hengchang Hu , Jiahao Wu , Jieming Zhu , Min-Yen Kan , Xiao-Ming Wu

Embedding-based retrieval serves as a dominant approach to candidate item matching for industrial recommender systems. With the success of generative AI, generative retrieval has recently emerged as a new retrieval paradigm for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jieming Zhu , Mengqun Jin , Qijiong Liu , Zexuan Qiu , Zhenhua Dong , Xiu Li

Generative Recommender Systems using semantic ids, such as TIGER (Rajput et al., 2023), have emerged as a widely adopted competitive paradigm in sequential recommendation. However, existing architectures are designed solely for semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanchen Jiang , Zhe Feng , Christopher P. Mah , Aranyak Mehta , Di Wang