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Knowledge tracing is the task of modeling each student's mastery of knowledge concepts (KCs) as (s)he engages with a sequence of learning activities. Each student's knowledge is modeled by estimating the performance of the student on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Shalini Pandey , George Karypis

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to predict a student's future performance based on their sequence of interactions with learning content. Many KT models rely on knowledge concepts (KCs), which represent the skills required for each item.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

Knowledge tracing aims to model students' past answer sequences to track the change in their knowledge acquisition during exercise activities and to predict their future learning performance. Most existing approaches ignore the fact that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuqi Yue , Xiaoqing Sun , Weidong Ji , Zengxiang Yin , Chenghong Sun

Knowledge tracing (KT) models are a popular approach for predicting students' future performance at practice problems using their prior attempts. Though many innovations have been made in KT, most models including the state-of-the-art Deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Yang Shi , Min Chi , Tiffany Barnes , Thomas Price

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to assess individuals' evolving knowledge states according to their learning interactions with different exercises in online learning systems (OIS), which is critical in supporting decision-making for subsequent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Shuanghong Shen , Enhong Chen , Bihan Xu , Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Linbo Zhu , Yu Su

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a task of tracing evolving knowledge state of students with respect to one or more concepts as they engage in a sequence of learning activities. One important purpose of KT is to personalize the practice sequence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Jiani Zhang , Xingjian Shi , Irwin King , Dit-Yan Yeung

Knowledge tracing (KT) is the problem of predicting students' future performance based on their historical interaction sequences. With the advanced capability of capturing contextual long-term dependency, attention mechanism becomes one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Shuyan Huang , Zitao Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Weiqi Luo , Jian Weng

With the recent surge in personalized learning, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) that can accurately track students' individual knowledge states and provide tailored learning paths based on this information are in demand as an essential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wonbeen Lee , Channyoung Lee , Junho Sohn , Hansam Cho

Tracing a student's knowledge growth given the past exercise answering is a vital objective in automatic tutoring systems to customize the learning experience. Yet, achieving this objective is a non-trivial task as it involves modeling the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Seif Gad , Sherif Abdelfattah , Ghodai Abdelrahman

KnowledgeTracing (KT) involves predicting students' knowledge states based on their interactions with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). A key challenge is the cold start problem, accurately predicting knowledge for new students with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Indronil Bhattacharjee , Christabel Wayllace

Recently, we have seen a rapid rise in usage of online educational platforms. The personalized education became crucially important in future learning environments. Knowledge tracing (KT) refers to the detection of students' knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Sein Minn

Teaching plays a fundamental role in human learning. Typically, a human teaching strategy would involve assessing a student's knowledge progress for tailoring the teaching materials in a way that enhances the learning progress. A human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Ghodai Abdelrahman , Qing Wang

Knowledge tracing (KT), wherein students' problem-solving histories are used to estimate their current levels of knowledge, has attracted significant interest from researchers. However, most existing KT models were developed with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Heeseok Jung , Jaesang Yoo , Yohaan Yoon , Yeonju Jang

Knowledge tracing consists in predicting the performance of some students on new questions given their performance on previous questions, and can be a prior step to optimizing assessment and learning. Deep knowledge tracing (DKT) is a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jill-Jênn Vie , Hisashi Kashima

Educational Question Generation (EQG) aims to synthesize customized exercise questions that enhance student learning. An effective EQG system should ideally personalize questions for each student by modeling the student's knowledge state…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xinyi Gao , Qiucheng Wu , Lu Ding , Q. Vera Liao , Kaizhi Qian , Ying Xu , Shiyu Chang , Yang Zhang

We study the problem of knowledge tracing (KT) where the goal is to trace the students' knowledge mastery over time so as to make predictions on their future performance. Owing to the good representation capacity of deep neural networks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Xiaopeng Guo , Zhijie Huang , Jie Gao , Mingyu Shang , Maojing Shu , Jun Sun

Recently, knowledge tracing models have been applied in educational data mining such as the Self-attention knowledge tracing model(SAKT), which models the relationship between exercises and Knowledge concepts(Kcs). However, relation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Linqing Li , Zhifeng Wang

Knowledge Tracing (KT) predicts future performance by modeling students' historical interactions, and understanding students' affective states can enhance the effectiveness of KT, thereby improving the quality of education. Although…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinjie Sun , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu , Shuanghong Shen , Fei Wang , Yuxiang Guo , Enhong Chen

Knowledge Tracing aims to assess student learning states by predicting their performance in answering questions. Different from the existing research which utilizes fixed-length learning sequence to obtain the student states and regards KT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ke Cheng , Linzhi Peng , Pengyang Wang , Junchen Ye , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du

Knowledge tracing (KT) plays a crucial role in predicting students' future performance by analyzing their historical learning processes. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown great potential in solving the KT problem. However, there still…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hengyuan Zhang , Zitao Liu , Chenming Shang , Dawei Li , Yong Jiang