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Mathematical reasoning is a crucial capability for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet generating detailed and accurate reasoning traces remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel approach to produce high-quality reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yihe Deng , Paul Mineiro

We present ALT (ALignment with Textual feedback), an approach that aligns language models with user preferences expressed in text. We argue that text offers greater expressiveness, enabling users to provide richer feedback than simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Saüc Abadal Lloret , Shehzaad Dhuliawala , Keerthiram Murugesan , Mrinmaya Sachan

Self-evaluation, a model's ability to assess the correctness of its own output, is crucial for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to achieve self-improvement in multi-turn conversations, yet largely absent in foundation models. Recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Wenkai Wang , Hongcan Guo , Zheqi Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Leveraging more test-time computation has proven to be an effective way to boost the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Among various methods, the verify-and-improve paradigm stands out for enabling dynamic solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yurun Yuan , Tengyang Xie

Training large language models (LLMs) as autonomous agents often begins with imitation learning, but it only teaches agents what to do without understanding why: agents never contrast successful actions against suboptimal alternatives and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weize Liu , Minghui Liu , Sy-Tuyen Ho , Souradip Chakraborty , Xiyao Wang , Furong Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance as general purpose agents, but their abilities remain highly dependent on prompts which are hand written with onerous trial-and-error effort. We propose a simple and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Reid Pryzant , Dan Iter , Jerry Li , Yin Tat Lee , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language processing tasks, but their application to machine translation (MT) remains challenging due to pretraining on English-centric data and the complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Guofeng Cui , Pichao Wang , Yang Liu , Zemian Ke , Zhu Liu , Vimal Bhat

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) alignment algorithms has resulted in a complex and fragmented landscape, with limited clarity on the effectiveness of different methods and their inter-connections. This paper introduces…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to process and generate natural language. However, as they are trained on massive datasets of text, LLMs can inherit harmful biases and produce outputs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qi Gou , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Prompt engineering can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), with automated prompt optimization (APO) gaining significant attention due to the time-consuming and laborious nature of manual prompt design.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Wenxin Luo , Weirui Wang , Xiaopeng Li , Weibo Zhou , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) traditionally relies on costly training and human preference annotations. Self-alignment seeks to reduce these expenses by enabling models to align themselves. To further lower costs and achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Somanshu Singla , Zhen Wang , Tianyang Liu , Abdullah Ashfaq , Zhiting Hu , Eric P. Xing

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental capability for large language models (LLMs), yet achieving high performance in this domain remains a significant challenge. The auto-regressive generation process often makes LLMs susceptible to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Xiaoxuan Lou , Chaojie Wang , Bo An

While learning to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences has shown remarkable success, aligning these models to meet the diverse user preferences presents further challenges in preserving previous knowledge. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Gihun Lee , Minchan Jeong , Yujin Kim , Hojung Jung , Jaehoon Oh , Sangmook Kim , Se-Young Yun

Large Language Models (LLMs) as autonomous agents are increasingly tasked with solving complex, long-horizon problems. Aligning these agents via preference-based offline methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Heyang Gao , Zexu Sun , Erxue Min , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xu Chen

Context. Refining or altering existing behavior is the daily work of every developer, but that cannot be always anticipated, and software sometimes cannot be stopped. In such cases, unanticipated adaptation of running systems is of interest…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Steven Costiou , Vincent Aranega , Marcus Denker

Large language model (LLM) agents often rely on external demonstrations or retrieval-augmented planning, leading to brittleness, poor generalization, and high computational overhead. Inspired by human problem-solving, we propose DuSAR…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wentao Zhang , Qunbo Wang , BoXuan Zhao , Tao Zhang , Junsheng Wu , Hongping Gan , Ling Dai , Shizhuang Deng , Shuntong Sun , Yang Liu

Efficient preference optimization algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have become a popular approach in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. These algorithms implicitly treat the LLM as a reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tong Liu , Xiao Yu , Wenxuan Zhou , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled understanding webpage contexts, product details, and human instructions. Utilizing LLMs as the foundational architecture for either reward models or policies in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shuang Feng , Grace Feng

Prompt-based learning, with its capability to tackle zero-shot and few-shot NLP tasks, has gained much attention in community. The main idea is to bridge the gap between NLP downstream tasks and language modeling (LM), by mapping these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Yulong Chen , Yang Liu , Li Dong , Shuohang Wang , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng , Yue Zhang

We study the post-training of large language models (LLMs) with human preference data. Recently, direct preference optimization and its variants have shown considerable promise in aligning language models, eliminating the need for reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Teng Xiao , Zhen Ge , Sujay Sanghavi , Tian Wang , Julian Katz-Samuels , Marc Versage , Qingjun Cui , Trishul Chilimbi