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We introduce a new low-power 13-mg microactuator driven by shape-memory alloy (SMA) wires for underwater operation. The development of this device was motivated by the recent creation of microswimmers such as the FRISHBot, WaterStrider,…

Soft robots require directional control to navigate complex terrains. However, achieving such control often requires multiple actuators, which increases mechanical complexity, complicates control systems, and raises energy consumption.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hari Prakash Thanabalan , Lars Bengtsson , Ugo Lafont , Giovanni Volpe

Accurate simulation of soft mechanisms under dynamic actuation is critical for the design of soft robots. We address this gap with our differentiable simulation tool by learning the material parameters of our soft robotic fish. On the…

Soft robots have immense potential given their inherent safety and adaptability, but challenges in soft actuator forces and design constraints have limited scaling up soft robots to larger sizes. Electrothermal shape memory alloy (SMA)…

This study presents the development and experimental verification of a biomimetic manta ray robot for underwater autonomous exploration. Inspired by manta rays, the robot uses flapping motion for propulsion to minimize seabed disturbance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Kenta Tabata , Ryosuke Oku , Jun Ito , Renato Miyagusuku , Koichi Ozaki

The robotic fish with high propulsion efficiency and good maneuverability achieves underwater fishlike propulsion by commonly adopting the motor to drive the fishtail, causing the significant fluctuations of the motor power due to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-07 Xiaocun Liao , Chao Zhou , Junfeng Fan , Zhuoliang Zhang , Zhaoran Yin , Liangwei Deng

We present a new evolution of the Very Little Eel-Inspired roBot, the VLEIBot++, a 900-mg swimmer driven by two 10-mg bare high-work density (HWD) actuators, whose functionality is based on the use of shape-memory alloy (SMA) wires. An…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Cody R. Longwell , Conor K. Trygstad , Nestor O. Perez-Arancibia

Machines designed for operation in Space, as well as other extreme environments, need to be both resilient and adaptable when mission parameters change. Soft robots offer advantages in adaptability, but most lack resilience to the pressure…

Soft robotic systems have gained widespread attention due to their inherent flexibility, adaptability, and safety, making them well-suited for varied applications. Among bioinspired designs, earthworm locomotion has been extensively studied…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Riddhi Das , Joscha Teichmann , Thomas Speck , Falk J. Tauber

In this paper, a compressed air-actuated soft robotic module was developed by incorporating a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire into its structure to achieve the desired bending angle with greater precision. First, a fiber-reinforced bending…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mohammadnavid Golchin

Bioinspired snake robotics has been a highly active area of research over the years and resulted in many prototypes. Much of these prototypes takes the form of serially jointed-rigid bodies. The emergence of soft robotics contributed to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Isuru S. Godage

This paper describes a novel amphibious robot, which adopts a dual-swing-legs propulsion mechanism, proposing a new locomotion mode. The robot is called FroBot, since its structure and locomotion are similar to frogs. Our inspiration comes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Yang Yi , Zhou Geng , Zhang Jianqing , Cheng Siyuan , Fu Mengyin

Soft robotics has the potential to revolutionize robotic locomotion, in particular, soft robotic swimmers offer a minimally invasive and adaptive solution to explore and preserve our oceans. Unfortunately, current soft robotic swimmers are…

Fish have endured millions of years of evolution, and their distinct rigid-flexible body structures offer inspiration for overcoming challenges in underwater robotics, such as limited mobility, high energy consumption, and adaptability.…

We present an evolved steerable version of the single-tail Fish-&-Ribbon-Inspired Small Swimming Harmonic roBot (FRISSHBot), a 59-mg biologically inspired swimmer, which is driven by a new shape-memory alloy (SMA)-based bimorph actuator.…

Synthetic microswimmers offer models for cell motility and their tunability makes them promising candidates for biomedical applications. Here we measure the acoustic propulsion of bimetallic micro-rods that, when trapped at the nodal plane…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-20 Jeffrey McNeill , Nathan Sinai , Justin Wang , Vincent Oliver , Eric Lauga , Francois Nadal , Thomas E. Mallouk

Soft robotic manipulators are generally slow despite their great adaptability, resilience, and compliance. This limitation also extends to current soft robotic micromanipulators. Here, we introduce FilMBot, a 3-DOF film-based,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiangkun Yu , Houari Bettahar , Hakan Kandemir , Quan Zhou

Swing arms have an irreplaceable role in promoting highly dynamic locomotion on bipedal robots by a larger angular momentum control space from the viewpoint of biomechanics. Few bipedal robots utilize swing arms and its redundancy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Weijie Wang , Song Liu , Qinfeng Shan , Lihao Jia

Many soft-body organisms found in nature flourish underwater. Similarly, soft robots are potentially well-suited for underwater environments partly because the problematic effects of gravity, friction, and harmonic oscillations are less…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-07 W. David Null , Y Z

As an emerging field of robotics, magnetic-field-controlled soft microrobot has broad application prospects for its flexibility, locomotion diversity as well as remote controllability. Magnetic soft microrobots can perform multimodal…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-02-21 Shangsong Li , Dong Liu , Yuping Hu , Zhijie Su , Xinai Zhang , Ruirui Guo , Dan Li , Yuan Lu