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Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) traditionally relies on costly training and human preference annotations. Self-alignment seeks to reduce these expenses by enabling models to align themselves. To further lower costs and achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Somanshu Singla , Zhen Wang , Tianyang Liu , Abdullah Ashfaq , Zhiting Hu , Eric P. Xing

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performances in various tasks. However, the performance of LLMs heavily depends on the input prompt, which has given rise to a number of recent works on prompt optimization. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xiaoqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , Arun Verma , See-Kiong Ng , Patrick Jaillet , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Ranking documents using Large Language Models (LLMs) by directly feeding the query and candidate documents into the prompt is an interesting and practical problem. However, researchers have found it difficult to outperform fine-tuned…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhen Qin , Rolf Jagerman , Kai Hui , Honglei Zhuang , Junru Wu , Le Yan , Jiaming Shen , Tianqi Liu , Jialu Liu , Donald Metzler , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

High-quality prompts are crucial for Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve exceptional performance. However, manually crafting effective prompts is labor-intensive and demands significant domain expertise, limiting its scalability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zheng Dong , Luming Shang , Gabriela Olinto

Large language models (LLMs) struggle to effectively utilize a growing number of external tools, such as those defined by the Model Context Protocol (MCP)\cite{IntroducingMCP}, due to prompt bloat and selection complexity. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Tiantian Gan , Qiyao Sun

Large language models provide rich semantic priors and strong reasoning capabilities, making them promising auxiliary signals for recommendation. However, prevailing approaches either deploy LLMs as standalone recommender or apply global…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shanglin Yang , Zhan Shi

Through the advancement in natural language processing (NLP), specifically in speech recognition, fully automated complex systems functioning on voice input have started proliferating in areas such as home automation. These systems have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Tanmay Kulkarni , Yuvraj Pardeshi , Yash Shah , Vaishnvi Sakat , Sapana Bhirud

Large language models (LLMs) can perform recommendation tasks by taking prompts written in natural language as input. Compared to traditional methods such as collaborative filtering, LLM-based recommendation offers advantages in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in comprehending and generating natural language, with a growing prevalence in the domain of recommendation systems. However, LLMs still face a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Xinyu Li , Chuang Zhao , Hongke Zhao , Likang Wu , Ming HE

RAG systems face limitations when semantic relevance alone does not guarantee improved generation quality. This issue becomes particularly evident due to the sensitivity of large language models (LLMs) to the ordering of few-shot prompts,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yu Bai , Yukai Miao , Li Chen , Dawei Wang , Dan Li , Yanyu Ren , Hongtao Xie , Ce Yang , Xuhui Cai

Recent studies increasingly explore Large Language Models (LLMs) as a new paradigm for recommendation systems due to their scalability and world knowledge. However, existing work has three key limitations: (1) most efforts focus on…

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) as re-rankers is shifting recommender systems towards a user-centric paradigm. However, a significant gap remains: current re-rankers often lack mechanisms for fine-grained user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wenxi Dai , Wujiang Xu , Pinhuan Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, with optimizing their input prompts playing a pivotal role in maximizing their performance. However, while LLM prompts consist of both the task-agnostic system prompts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yumin Choi , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Prompt engineering can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), with automated prompt optimization (APO) gaining significant attention due to the time-consuming and laborious nature of manual prompt design.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Wenxin Luo , Weirui Wang , Xiaopeng Li , Weibo Zhou , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems combine large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge retrieval, making them highly effective for knowledge-intensive tasks. A crucial but often under-explored component of these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jiashuo Sun , Xianrui Zhong , Sizhe Zhou , Jiawei Han

Pre-training models have shown their power in sequential recommendation. Recently, prompt has been widely explored and verified for tuning in NLP pre-training, which could help to more effectively and efficiently extract useful knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yiqing Wu , Ruobing Xie , Yongchun Zhu , Fuzhen Zhuang , Xu Zhang , Leyu Lin , Qing He

Agentic reinforcement learning (Agentic RL) has achieved strong progress in tasks with clear success signals. However, many real-world agent applications require user-conditioned behavior: the same query may call for different planning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ranxu zhang , zeyang li , Jiacheng Huang , Rui Zhang , Xiaozhou Xu , sun zhe , Yanyong Zhang , Chao Wang

The rapid development of large language models is transforming software development. Beyond serving as code auto-completion tools in integrated development environments, large language models increasingly function as foundation models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Junjie Shi , Weisong Sun , Zhenpeng Chen , Zhujun Wu , Xiaohong Chen , Zhi Jin , Yang Liu

Large Language Model (LLM) has demonstrated significant ability in various Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their effectiveness is highly dependent on the phrasing of the task prompt, leading to research on automatic prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Yixin Cao , Jizhi Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models utilizing reasoning techniques improve task performance but incur significant latency and token costs due to verbose generation. Existing automatic prompt optimization(APO) frameworks target task accuracy exclusively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Deep Shah , Sanket Badhe , Nehal Kathrotia , Priyanka Tiwari