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Current large language model (LLM) applications often employ multi-component prompts, comprising both system and user prompts, to guide model behaviors. While recent advancements have demonstrated the efficacy of automatically optimizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xinyu Zhang , Yuanquan Hu , Fangchao Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks to be performed through simple prompt-based interactions. Consequently, several approaches have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Artem Chernodub , Aman Saini , Yejin Huh , Vivek Kulkarni , Vipul Raheja

Personalized alignment from preference data has focused primarily on improving personal reward model (RM) accuracy, with the implicit assumption that better preference ranking translates to better personalized behavior. However, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Fady Rezk , Yuangang Pan , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Xun Xu , Nancy Chen , Henry Gouk , Timothy Hospedales

Reranking is fundamental to information retrieval and retrieval-augmented generation, with recent Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly advancing reranking quality. Most current works rely on large-scale LLMs (>7B parameters),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xianming Li , Aamir Shakir , Rui Huang , Tsz-fung Andrew Lee , Julius Lipp , Benjamin Clavié , Jing Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommender systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sichun Luo , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Linrong Wang , Sicong Liu , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Generative models are increasingly powerful, yet users struggle to guide them through prompts. The generative process is difficult to control and unpredictable, and user instructions may be ambiguous or under-specified. Prior prompt…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zhipeng Li , Yi-Chi Liao , Christian Holz

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as these models become increasingly integrated into various societal and decision-making processes. Traditional methods, such as reinforcement learning from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Prashant Trivedi , Souradip Chakraborty , Avinash Reddy , Vaneet Aggarwal , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive success in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks due to their extensive general knowledge of the world. Recent works discovered that the performance of LLMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Yuze Liu , Tingjie Liu , Tiehua Zhang , Youhua Xia , Jinze Wang , Zhishu Shen , Jiong Jin , Fei Richard Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommendation systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Jian Xu , Sichun Luo , Xiangyu Chen , Haoming Huang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Large Code Models (LCMs) show potential in code intelligence, but their effectiveness is greatly influenced by prompt quality. Current prompt design is mostly manual, which is time-consuming and highly dependent on specific LCMs and tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Kexing Ji , Shiyun Fu , Cuiyun Gao , Yujia Chen , Zezhou Yang , Chaozheng Wang , Yuetang Deng

In recent years, Recommender Systems(RS) have witnessed a transformative shift with the advent of Large Language Models(LLMs) in the field of Natural Language Processing(NLP). These models such as OpenAI's GPT-3.5/4, Llama from Meta, have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Junyi Chen

ChatGPT has achieved remarkable success in natural language understanding. Considering that recommendation is indeed a conversation between users and the system with items as words, which has similar underlying pattern with ChatGPT, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yabin Zhang , Wenhui Yu , Erhan Zhang , Xu Chen , Lantao Hu , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used as decision aids. However, users have diverse values and preferences that can affect their decision-making, which requires novel methods for LLM alignment and personalization.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Bharadwaj Ravichandran , David Joy , Paul Elliott , Brian Hu , Jadie Adams , Christopher Funk , Emily Veenhuis , Anthony Hoogs , Arslan Basharat

Recommendation systems aim to provide users with relevant suggestions, but often lack interpretability and fail to capture higher-level semantic relationships between user behaviors and profiles. In this paper, we propose a novel approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Yan Wang , Zhixuan Chu , Xin Ouyang , Simeng Wang , Hongyan Hao , Yue Shen , Jinjie Gu , Siqiao Xue , James Y Zhang , Qing Cui , Longfei Li , Jun Zhou , Sheng Li

Personalized retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) aims to produce user-tailored responses by incorporating retrieved user profiles alongside the input query. Existing methods primarily focus on improving retrieval and rely on large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Kepu Zhang , Teng Shi , Weijie Yu , Jun Xu

Prompt engineering is crucial for achieving reliable and effective outputs from large language models (LLMs), but its design requires specialized knowledge of prompting techniques and a deep understanding of target tasks. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yohei Ikenoue , Hitomi Tashiro , Shigeru Kuroyanagi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown promise in enhancing recommendation systems by incorporating external context into large language model prompts. However, existing RAG-based approaches often rely on static retrieval heuristics…

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the capabilities of text comprehension and generation. Multi-modal generation attracts great attention from both the industry and academia, but there is little work on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xiaoteng Shen , Rui Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhao , Jieming Zhu , Xi Xiao

Personalized recommendation requires models that capture sequential user preferences while remaining robust to sparse feedback and semantic ambiguity. Recent work has explored large language models (LLMs) as recommenders and re-rankers, but…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqi Liang , Xiawei Wang , Yudi Zhang , Jiaying Zhou

Open-ended short-answer questions (SAGs) have been widely recognized as a powerful tool for providing deeper insights into learners' responses in the context of learning analytics (LA). However, SAGs often present challenges in practice due…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yucheng Chu , Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Harry Shomer , Hui Liu , Yasemin Copur-Gencturk , Jiliang Tang