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Smart contracts on a blockchain behave precisely as specified by their code. A vulnerability in this code can lead to unexpected behaviour, which is hard to fix because a blockchain does not allow to change smart contract code after its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Markus Knecht

The blockchain technology provides integrity and reliability of the information, thus offering a suitable solution to guarantee trustability in a multi-stakeholder scenario that involves actors defining business agreements. The Ride2Rail…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Mario Scrocca , Marco Comerio , Alessio Carenini , Irene Celino

Smart contracts, the cornerstone of blockchain technology, enable secure, automated distributed execution. Given their role in handling large transaction volumes across clients, miners, and validators, exploring concurrency is critical.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Atefeh Zareh Chahoki , Maurice Herlihy , Marco Roveri

Blockchain consensus is a state whereby each node in a network agrees on the current state of the blockchain. Existing protocols achieve consensus via a contest or voting procedure to select one node as a dictator to propose new blocks.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-06-22 Joshua S. Gans , Richard Holden

Smart contracts are programs that manage digital assets according to a certain protocol, expressing for instance the rules of an auction. Understanding the possible behaviors of a smart contract is difficult, which complicates development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Florentin Guth , Valentin Wüstholz , Maria Christakis , Peter Müller

The industrial market continuously needs reliable solutions to secure autonomous systems. Especially as these systems become more complex and interconnected, reliable security solutions are becoming increasingly important. One promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Önder Gürcan

Although the emergence of the programmable smart contract makes blockchain systems easily embrace a wider range of industrial areas, how to execute smart contracts efficiently becomes a big challenge nowadays. Due to the existence of…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Shuaifeng Pang , Xiaodong Qi , Zhao Zhang , Cheqing Jin , Aoying Zhou

An appealing feature of blockchain technology is smart contracts. A smart contract is executable code that runs on top of the blockchain to facilitate, execute and enforce an agreement between untrusted parties without the involvement of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Maher Alharby , Aad van Moorsel

This paper considers the distributed robust suboptimal consensus control problem of linear multi-agent systems, with both H2 and H_infty performance requirements. A novel two-step complementary design approach is proposed. In the first…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Zhongkui Li , Junjie Jiao , Xiang Chen

Optimistic Rollups (ORUs) significantly enhance blockchain scalability but inherently suffer from the verifier's dilemma, particularly concerning validator attentiveness. Current systems lack mechanisms to proactively ensure validators are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Suhyeon Lee , Yeongju Bak

Blockchains offer a decentralized and secure execution environment strong enough to host cryptocurrencies, but the state-replication model makes on-chain computation expensive. To avoid heavy on-chain workloads, systems like Truebit and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Suhyeon Lee , Dieu-Huyen Nguyen , Donghwan Lee

Smart contracts are nowadays at the core of most blockchain systems, as they specify and allow an agreement between entities that wish to perform a transaction. As any computer program, smart contracts are subject to the presence of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Fernando Richter Vidal , Naghmeh Ivaki , Nuno Laranjeiro

Due to the inherent immutability of blockchain technology, smart contract updates require their deployment at new addresses rather than modifying existing ones, thus fragmenting version histories and creating critical blind spots for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Fatou Ndiaye Mbodji , Vinny Adjibi , Moustapha Awwalou Diouf , Gervais Mendy , Kui Liu , Jacques Klein , Tegawende Bissyande

The developed system aims to incorporate a private blockchain technology in the procurement process for the supply office. The procurement process includes the canvassing, purchasing, delivery and inspection of items, inventory, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Alonel A. Hugo , Gerard Nathaniel C. Ngo

Smart contracts are distributed, self-enforcing programs executing on top of blockchain networks. They have the potential to revolutionize many industries such as financial institutes and supply chains. However, smart contracts are subject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun

Inter-provider agreements are central to 6G networks, where administrative domains must securely and dynamically share services. To address the dual need for transparency and confidentiality, we propose a privacy-enabled hybrid blockchain…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Farhana Javed , Josep Mangues-Bafalluy

The development of blockchain technologies has enabled the trustless execution of so-called smart contracts, i.e. programs that regulate the exchange of assets (e.g., cryptocurrency) between users. In a decentralized blockchain, the state…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Massimo Bartoletti , Letterio Galletta , Maurizio Murgia

Blockchain technology enhances transparency by maintaining a distributed ledger among mutually untrusting parties. Despite its advantages, scalability and availability remain critical bottlenecks that hinder widespread adoption. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Manaswini Piduguralla , Souvik Sarkar , Arunmoezhi Ramachandran , Sathya Peri

Ethereum 2.0, as the preeminent smart contract blockchain platform, guarantees the precise execution of applications without third-party intervention. At its core, this system leverages the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, which…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Tao Yan , Shengnan Li , Benjamin Kraner , Luyao Zhang , Claudio J. Tessone

This paper introduces Lyquor, a decentralized platform that reimagines blockchain infrastructure through a service-centric model where nodes selectively host smart contracts (called Lyquids) while preserving global composability. We present…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hao Hao , Dahlia Malkhi , Maofan Yin , Lizan Zhou