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The effectiveness of watermark algorithms in AI-generated text identification has garnered significant attention. Concurrently, an increasing number of watermark algorithms have been proposed to enhance the robustness against various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xianheng Feng , Jian Liu , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

We introduce a dynamics-level approach to watermarking generative models. Rather than embedding signals into model weights or outputs, we embed the watermark directly into the learned continuous dynamics -- the velocity field of a flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shuchan Wang

Training deep neural networks from scratch could be computationally expensive and requires a lot of training data. Recent work has explored different watermarking techniques to protect the pre-trained deep neural networks from potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Xinyun Chen , Wenxiao Wang , Chris Bender , Yiming Ding , Ruoxi Jia , Bo Li , Dawn Song

As deep learning (DL) models are widely and effectively used in Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms, there is a rapidly growing interest in DL watermarking techniques that can be used to confirm the ownership of a particular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Mikhail Pautov , Nikita Bogdanov , Stanislav Pyatkin , Oleg Rogov , Ivan Oseledets

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the field of model watermarking techniques. However, the protection of image-processing neural networks remains a challenge, with only a limited number of methods being developed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Huajie Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Chi Liu , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Advancements in deep generative models have made it possible to synthesize images, videos and audio signals that are difficult to distinguish from natural signals, creating opportunities for potential abuse of these capabilities. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Jamie Hayes , Krishnamurthy , Dvijotham , Yutian Chen , Sander Dieleman , Pushmeet Kohli , Norman Casagrande

The development of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about potential misuse. One practical solution is to embed a watermark in the text, allowing ownership verification through watermark extraction. Existing methods primarily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuhang Cai , Yaofei Wang , Donghui Hu , Chen Gu

Recently, diffusion models (DMs) have become the state-of-the-art method for image synthesis. Editing models based on DMs, known for their high fidelity and precision, have inadvertently introduced new challenges related to image copyright…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mingtian Tan , Tianhao Wang , Somesh Jha

Generative models can generate photorealistic images at scale. This raises urgent concerns about the ability to detect synthetically generated images and attribute these images to specific sources. While watermarking has emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Samar Fares , Nurbek Tastan , Noor Hussein , Karthik Nandakumar

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance rapidly, reliable governance tools have become critical. Publicly verifiable watermarking is particularly essential for fostering a trustworthy AI ecosystem. A central challenge persists:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Shinwoo Park , Hyejin Park , Hyeseon An , Yo-Sub Han

The rapid emergence of generative image models has led to the development of specialized watermarking techniques, particularly in-generation methods such as seed-based embedding. However, current evaluations in this area remain largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Enoal Gesny , Eva Giboulot

Methods for watermarking large language models have been proposed that distinguish AI-generated text from human-generated text by slightly altering the model output distribution, but they also distort the quality of the text, exposing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Ya Jiang , Kai Zeng , Brian Mark

LLM watermarks allow tracing AI-generated texts by inserting a detectable signal into their generated content. Recent works have proposed a wide range of watermarking algorithms, each with distinct designs, usually built using a bottom-up…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Thibaud Gloaguen , Robin Staab , Nikola Jovanović , Martin Vechev

The proliferation of autoregressive (AR) image generators demands reliable detection and attribution of their outputs to mitigate misinformation, and to filter synthetic images from training data to prevent model collapse. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Andreas Müller , Denis Lukovnikov , Shingo Kodama , Minh Pham , Anubhav Jain , Jonathan Petit , Niv Cohen , Asja Fischer

Watermarks for AI-generated images are meant to support downstream decisions about provenance, manipulation, and trust. In the settings that motivate watermark removal, therefore, success means more than causing the watermark test to fail.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yevin Nikhel Goonatilake , Giuseppe Ateniese

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to identifying AI-generated text. Existing approaches, however, either compromise the distribution of original generated text by LLMs or are limited to embedding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ya Jiang , Chuxiong Wu , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Brian Mark , Kai Zeng

Generated contents have raised serious concerns about copyright protection, image provenance, and credit attribution. A potential solution for these problems is watermarking. Recently, content watermarking for text-to-image diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yifan Zhu , Yihan Wang , Xiao-Shan Gao

Recent advances in large language models have raised wide concern in generating abundant plausible source code without scrutiny, and thus tracing the provenance of code emerges as a critical issue. To solve the issue, we propose CodeMark, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Wei Li , Borui Yang , Yujie Sun , Suyu Chen , Ziyun Song , Liyao Xiang , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Deep convolutional neural networks have made outstanding contributions in many fields such as computer vision in the past few years and many researchers published well-trained network for downloading. But recent studies have shown serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Xiquan Guan , Huamin Feng , Weiming Zhang , Hang Zhou , Jie Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Invisible watermarking for autoregressive (AR) image generation has recently gained attention as a means of protecting image ownership and tracing AI-generated content. However, existing approaches suffer from three key limitations: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yigit Yilmaz , Elena Petrova , Mehmet Kaya , Lucia Rossi , Amir Rahman