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Invisible image watermarking can protect image ownership and prevent malicious misuse of visual generative models. However, existing generative watermarking methods are mainly designed for diffusion models while watermarking for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yu Tong , Zihao Pan , Shuai Yang , Kaiyang Zhou

Image generative models have become increasingly popular, but training them requires large datasets that are costly to collect and curate. To circumvent these costs, some parties may exploit existing models by using the generated images as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Michel Meintz , Jan Dubiński , Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic

Watermarking has become one of promising techniques to not only aid in identifying AI-generated images but also serve as a deterrent against the unethical use of these models. However, the robustness of watermarking techniques has not been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiaodong Wu , Xiangman Li , Jianbing Ni

Text-to-image synthesis has become highly popular for generating realistic and stylized images, often requiring fine-tuning generative models with domain-specific datasets for specialized tasks. However, these valuable datasets face risks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Songrui Wang , Yubo Zhu , Wei Tong , Sheng Zhong

We present the first in depth study on the robustness of existing watermarking techniques applied to code generated by large language models (LLMs). As LLMs increasingly contribute to software development, watermarking has emerged as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tarun Suresh , Shubham Ugare , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), particularly video generation with diffusion models, has been advanced rapidly. Invisible watermarking is a key technology for protecting AI-generated videos and tracing harmful content, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xinjie Zhu , Zijing Zhao , Hui Jin , Qingxiao Guo , Yilong Ma , Yunhao Wang , Xiaobing Guo , Weifeng Zhang

Watermark has been widely deployed by industry to detect AI-generated images. A recent watermarking framework called \emph{Stable Signature} (proposed by Meta) roots watermark into the parameters of a diffusion model's decoder such that its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuepeng Hu , Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Neil Gong

Recent advancements in diffusion-based image editing pose a significant threat to the authenticity of digital visual content. Traditional embedding-based watermarking methods often introduce perceptible perturbations to maintain robustness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Pengzhen Chen , Yanwei Liu , Xiaoyan Gu , Xiaojun Chen , Wu Liu , Weiping Wang

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

The ability to embed watermarks in images is a fundamental problem of interest for computer vision, and is exacerbated by the rapid rise of generated imagery in recent times. Current state-of-the-art techniques suffer from computational and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Vinay Shukla , Prachee Sharma , Ryan Rossi , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Aditya Grover

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) distinguishes wireless devices by the small variations in their analog circuits, avoiding heavy cryptographic authentication. While deep learning on spectrograms improves accuracy, models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Aarushi Mahajan , Wayne Burleson

In this work, we introduce a novel deep learning-based approach to text-in-image watermarking, a method that embeds and extracts textual information within images to enhance data security and integrity. Leveraging the capabilities of deep…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Bishwa Karki , Chun-Hua Tsai , Pei-Chi Huang , Xin Zhong

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

Amidst rising concerns about the internet being proliferated with content generated from language models (LMs), watermarking is seen as a principled way to certify whether text was generated from a model. Many recent watermarking techniques…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Saksham Rastogi , Danish Pruthi

In this work we propose a novel technique to quantify how distracting watermarks are on an image. We begin with watermark detection using a two-tower CNN model composed of a binary classification task and a semantic segmentation prediction.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Aurelia Guy , Sema Berkiten

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer faster generation than autoregressive models while maintaining comparable quality, but existing watermarking methods fail on them due to their non-sequential decoding. Unlike autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Linyu Wu , Linhao Zhong , Wenjie Qu , Yuexin Li , Yue Liu , Shengfang Zhai , Chunhua Shen , Jiaheng Zhang

Diffusion-based watermarking methods embed verifiable marks by manipulating the initial noise or the reverse diffusion trajectory. However, these methods share a critical assumption: verification can succeed only if the diffusion trajectory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Rui Bao , Zheng Gao , Xiaoyu Li , Xiaoyan Feng , Yang Song , Jiaojiao Jiang

Watermarking has become a practical tool for tracing language model outputs, but it modifies token probabilities at inference time, which were carefully tuned by alignment training. This creates a tension: how do watermark-induced shifts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Apurv Verma , NhatHai Phan , Shubhendu Trivedi

AI-generated images have become so good in recent years that individuals often cannot distinguish them any more from "real" images. This development, combined with the rapid spread of AI-generated content online, creates a series of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Bram Rijsbosch , Gijs van Dijck , Konrad Kollnig

A semi-fragile watermarking scheme for multiple band images is presented in this article. We propose to embed a mark into remote sensing images applying a tree-structured vector quantization approach to the pixel signatures instead of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jordi Serra-Ruiz , David Megías