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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for generating RTL code. However, producing error-free RTL code in a zero-shot setting remains highly challenging for even state-of-the-art LLMs, often leading to issues that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

Although agentic workflows have demonstrated strong potential for solving complex tasks, existing automated generation methods remain inefficient and underperform, as they rely on predefined operator libraries and homogeneous LLM-only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Beibei Xu , Yutong Ye , Chuyun Shen , Yingbo Zhou , Cheng Chen , Mingsong Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in agentic workflows, which are structured sequences of LLM invocations intended to solve complex tasks. However, existing approaches often rely on static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Runchuan Zhu , Bowen Jiang , Lingrui Mei , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Haoxiang Gao , Fengshuo Bai , Pu Zhao , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

We present HDLFORGE, a two-stage multi-agent framework for automated Verilog generation that optimizes the trade-off between generation speed and accuracy. The system uses a compact coder with a medium-sized LLM by default (Stage A) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Armin Abdollahi , Saeid Shokoufa , Negin Ashrafi , Mehdi Kamal , Massoud Pedram

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated effectiveness in code generation tasks. To enable LLMs to address more complex coding challenges, existing research has focused on crafting multi-agent systems with agentic workflows, where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Siwei Liu , Jinyuan Fang , Han Zhou , Yingxu Wang , Zaiqiao Meng

Optimizing LLM-based agentic workflows is challenging for scaling AI capabilities. Current methods rely on coarse, end-to-end evaluation signals and lack fine-grained signals on where to refine, often resulting in inefficient or low-impact…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zihan Ma , Zhikai Zhao , Chuanbo Hua , Federico Berto , Jinkyoo Park

Agent systems based on large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in complex reasoning tasks, but building efficient and generalizable workflows remains a major challenge. Most existing approaches rely on manually designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Xiangqi Wang , Zirui Song , Lang Gao , Chenxi Wang , Xiangru Tang , Yue Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiangliang Zhang , Xiuying Chen

Agentic workflows in large language model systems integrate retrieval, reasoning, and memory, but existing frameworks suffer from scalability and reproducibility limitations due to fragmented data orchestration, serialization overhead, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Arup Kumar Sarker , Mills Staylor , Aymen Alsaadi , Gregor von Laszewski , Shantenu Jha , Geoffrey Fox

The process of extracting valuable and novel insights from raw data involves a series of complex steps. In the realm of Automated Machine Learning (AutoML), a significant research focus is on automating aspects of this process, specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Rafael Barbudo , Aurora Ramírez , José Raúl Romero

Recent advances in large language models have improved code generation, but their use in hardware description languages is still limited. Moreover, training data and testbenches for these models are often scarce. This paper presents a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Mu-Chi Chen , Po-Hsuan Huang , Yu-Hung Kao , Yen-Fu Liu , Yu-Kai Hung , Cheng Liang , Shao-Chun Ho , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

Recent advances in agentic LLMs have demonstrated great capabilities in Verilog code generation. However, existing approaches either use LLM-assisted single-agent prompting or cooperation-only multi-agent learning, which will lead to: (i)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhendong Mi , Renming Zheng , Haowen Zhong , Yue Sun , Seth Kneeland , Sayan Moitra , Ken Kutzer , Zhaozhuo Xu Shaoyi Huang

Traditionally, digital hardware designs are written in the Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and debugged manually by engineers. This can be time-consuming and error-prone for complex designs. Large Language Models (LLMs) are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jason Blocklove , Shailja Thakur , Benjamin Tan , Hammond Pearce , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Modern software systems require code that is not only functional but also maintainable and well-structured. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate software development, most studies focus on isolated,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Wasique Islam Shafin , Md Nakhla Rafi , Zhenhao Li , Tse-Hsun Chen

Analog/mixed-signal circuits are key for interfacing electronics with the physical world. Their design, however, remains a largely handcrafted process, resulting in long and error-prone design cycles. While the recent rise of AI-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Kaichang Chen , Georges Gielen

Automatically generating agentic workflows -- executable operator graphs or codes that orchestrate reasoning, verification, and repair -- has become a practical way to solve complex tasks beyond what single-pass LLM generation can reliably…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jialiang Wang , Shengxiang Xu , Hanmo Liu , Jiachuan Wang , Yuyu Luo , Shimin Di , Min-Ling Zhang , Lei Chen

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models equipped with Flow Matching (FM) action heads achieve state-of-the-art performance in complex robot manipulation. However, the multi-step iterative ODE solving required by FM introduces inference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhou Fang , Jiaqi Wang , Yi Zhou , Qiongfeng Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Verilog code generation significantly, yet face challenges in data quality, reasoning capabilities, and computational efficiency. This paper presents ReasoningV, a novel model employing a hybrid…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Haiyan Qin , Zhiwei Xie , Jingjing Li , Liangchen Li , Xiaotong Feng , Junzhan Liu , Wang Kang

We present an agentic flow consisting of multiple agents that combine specialized LLMs and hardware simulation tools to collaboratively complete the complex task of Register Transfer Level (RTL) generation without human intervention. A key…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Athma Narayanan , Mahesh Subedar , Omesh Tickoo

The automated generation of agentic workflows is a promising frontier for enabling large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks. However, our investigation reveals that the robustness of agentic workflow remains a critical,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shengxiang Xu , Jiayi Zhang , Shimin Di , Yuyu Luo , Liang Yao , Hanmo Liu , Jia Zhu , Fan Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a promising approach for automating Verilog code generation; however, existing methods primarily emphasize syntactic correctness and often rely on commercial models or external…