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Hyperscale large language model (LLM) inference places extraordinary demands on cloud systems, where even brief failures can translate into significant user and business impact. To better understand and mitigate these risks, we present one…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Bhala Ranganathan , Mickey Zhang , Kai Wu

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

Since the advent of Large Language Models a few years ago, they have often been considered the de facto solution for many AI problems. However, in addition to the many deficiencies of LLMs that prevent them from broad industry adoption,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jennifer Chu-Carroll , Andrew Beck , Greg Burnham , David OS Melville , David Nachman , A. Erdem Özcan , David Ferrucci

Services hosted in multi-tenant cloud platforms often encounter performance interference due to contention for non-partitionable resources, which in turn causes unpredictable behavior and degradation in application performance. To grapple…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Yogesh D. Barve , Shashank Shekhar , Ajay Dev Chhokra , Shweta Khare , Anirban Bhattacharjee , Zhuangwei Kang , Hongyang Sun , Aniruddha Gokhale

Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Transformer-based language models have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, yet their high inference latency poses a significant challenge for real-timeand large-scale deployment. While existing caching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Harsh Vardhan Bansal

Adjusting the latency, power, and accuracy of natural language understanding models is a desirable objective of an efficient architecture. This paper proposes an efficient Transformer architecture that adjusts the inference computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Sajjad Kachuee , Mohammad Sharifkhani

Major bottlenecks of large-scale Federated Learning(FL) networks are the high costs for communication and computation. This is due to the fact that most of current FL frameworks only consider a star network topology where all local trained…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Thinh Quang Dinh , Diep N. Nguyen , Dinh Thai Hoang , Pham Tran Vu , Eryk Dutkiewicz

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential for intelligent mobile services but are computationally intensive for resource-constrained devices. Mobile edge computing (MEC) allows such devices to offload inference tasks to edge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Yumin Kim , Hyeonsu Lyu , Minjae Lee , Hyun Jong Yang

On-device large language models (LLMs), referring to running LLMs on edge devices, have raised considerable interest since they are more cost-effective, latency-efficient, and privacy-preserving compared with the cloud paradigm.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guanqiao Qu , Qiyuan Chen , Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on edge devices remains challenging due to their substantial computational and memory demands, which exceed the capabilities of resource-constrained embedded platforms. Conversely, fully offloading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Cyril Shih-Huan Hsu , Wig Yuan-Cheng Cheng , Chrysa Papagianni

Accurate channel models are the prerequisite for communication-theoretic investigations as well as system design. Channel modeling generally relies on statistical and deterministic approaches. However, there are still significant limits for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ruisi He , Nicola D. Cicco , Bo Ai , Mi Yang , Yang Miao , Mate Boban

Foundation models including large language models (LLMs) are increasingly attracting interest worldwide for their distinguished capabilities and potential to perform a wide variety of tasks. Nevertheless, people are concerned about whether…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Hye-Young Paik

Alignment has greatly improved large language models (LLMs)' output quality at the cost of diversity, yielding highly similar outputs across generations. We propose Base-Aligned Model Collaboration (BACo), an inference-time token-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yichen Wang , Chenghao Yang , Tenghao Huang , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Mina Lee

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed a substantial surge in demand for LLM services. While traditional cloud-based LLM services satisfy high-accuracy requirements, they fall short in meeting critical demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zuan Xie , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Yunming Liao , Zhiwei Yao

Edge computing enables real-time data processing closer to its source, thus improving the latency and performance of edge-enabled AI applications. However, traditional AI models often fall short when dealing with complex, dynamic tasks that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoxiang Luo , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Zehui Xiong , Xianbin Wang , Xuemin Shen

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in the telecommunication domain presents unique challenges, primarily due to the complex nature of telecom standard documents and the rapid…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Andrei-Laurentiu Bornea , Fadhel Ayed , Antonio De Domenico , Nicola Piovesan , Ali Maatouk

Transformer-based Large Language Models, which suffer from high computational costs, advance so quickly that techniques proposed to streamline earlier iterations are not guaranteed to benefit more modern models. Building upon the Funnel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 DongHyun Choi , Lucas Spangher , Chris Hidey , Peter Grabowski , Ramy Eskander

Recent advancements in large language models have demonstrated that extended inference through techniques can markedly improve performance, yet these gains come with increased computational costs and the propagation of inherent biases found…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Edward Hong Wang , Cynthia Xin Wen

By provisioning inference offloading services, edge inference drives the rapid growth of AI applications at network edge. However, how to reduce the inference latency remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, we develop a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guanqiao Qu , Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang , Yuguang Fang