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Pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have remarkably adapted to various downstream tasks. Nonetheless, their performance heavily depends on the specificity of the input text prompts, which requires skillful prompt template…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yingjun Du , Wenfang Sun , Cees G. M. Snoek

Traditional OCR systems (OCR-1.0) are increasingly unable to meet people's usage due to the growing demand for intelligent processing of man-made optical characters. In this paper, we collectively refer to all artificial optical signals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haoran Wei , Chenglong Liu , Jinyue Chen , Jia Wang , Lingyu Kong , Yanming Xu , Zheng Ge , Liang Zhao , Jianjian Sun , Yuang Peng , Chunrui Han , Xiangyu Zhang

Image-text contrastive models such as CLIP learn transferable and robust representations for zero-shot transfer to a variety of downstream tasks. However, to obtain strong downstream performances, prompts need to be carefully curated, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Samyadeep Basu , Soheil Feizi , Dinesh Manocha

Despite considerable progress in handwritten text recognition, paragraph-level handwritten text recognition, especially in low-resource languages, such as Hindi, Urdu and similar scripts, remains a challenging problem. These languages,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sayantan Dey , Alireza Alaei , Partha Pratim Roy

Communications in highly dynamic channels relying on training-based channel estimation experience a trade-off between increasing channel measurement accuracy by sending more frequent training sequences and increasing data rate by sending…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Duschia Bodet , Muriel Médard , Muralidhar Rangaswamy , Ken Duffy

Large pre-trained vision-language models such as CLIP have demonstrated great potential in zero-shot transferability to downstream tasks. However, to attain optimal performance, the manual selection of prompts is necessary to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Thi Minh Anh Pham , An Duc Nguyen , Cephas Svosve , Vasileios Argyriou , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

The Transformer has quickly become the dominant architecture for various pattern recognition tasks due to its capacity for long-range representation. However, transformers are data-hungry models and need large datasets for training. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Marwa Dhiaf , Ahmed Cheikh Rouhou , Yousri Kessentini , Sinda Ben Salem

Prompt-guided generative AI models have rapidly expanded across vision and language domains, producing realistic and diverse outputs from textual inputs. The growing variety of such models, trained with different data and architectures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mehdi Lotfian , Mohammad Jalali , Farzan Farnia

Document Layout Parsing serves as a critical gateway for Artificial Intelligence (AI) to access and interpret the world's vast stores of structured knowledge. This process,which encompasses layout detection, text recognition, and relational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Yumeng Li , Guang Yang , Hao Liu , Bowen Wang , Colin Zhang

The goal of this work is to establish a scalable pipeline for expanding an object detector towards novel/unseen categories, using zero manual annotations. To achieve that, we make the following four contributions: (i) in pursuit of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Chengjian Feng , Yujie Zhong , Zequn Jie , Xiangxiang Chu , Haibing Ren , Xiaolin Wei , Weidi Xie , Lin Ma

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a widely used pattern recognition application in numerous domains. There are several feature-rich, general-purpose OCR solutions available for consumers, which can provide moderate to excellent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ayantha Randika , Nilanjan Ray , Xiao Xiao , Allegra Latimer

This work presents a pattern-aware framework for automatic license plate recognition (ALPR), designed to operate reliably across diverse plate layouts and challenging real-world conditions. The proposed system consists of a modern,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Elham Shabaninia , Fatemeh Asadi-zeydabadi , Hossein Nezamabadi-pour

Standard periodic pilot patterns in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems induce severe delay-domain grating lobes, compromising radar sensing. This paper proposes a two-stage framework to design non-periodic pilot…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Amir Bouziane , Huseyin Arslan

In this study, we formulate an OCR-free sequence generation model for visual document understanding (VDU). Our model not only parses text from document images but also extracts the spatial coordinates of the text based on the multi-head…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Yamato Okamoto , Youngmin Baek , Geewook Kim , Ryota Nakao , DongHyun Kim , Moon Bin Yim , Seunghyun Park , Bado Lee

Existing optical character recognition (OCR) methods rely on task-specific designs with divergent paradigms, architectures, and training strategies, which significantly increases the complexity of research and maintenance and hinders the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dezhi Peng , Zhenhua Yang , Jiaxin Zhang , Chongyu Liu , Yongxin Shi , Kai Ding , Fengjun Guo , Lianwen Jin

CLIP is a discriminative model trained to align images and text in a shared embedding space. Due to its multimodal structure, it serves as the backbone of many generative pipelines, where a decoder is trained to map from the shared space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Antonio D'Orazio , Maria Rosaria Briglia , Donato Crisostomi , Dario Loi , Emanuele Rodolà , Iacopo Masi

Rectified flow models have become a de facto standard in image generation due to their stable sampling trajectories and high-fidelity outputs. Despite their strong generative capabilities, they face critical limitations in image editing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Sung-Hoon Yoon , Minghan Li , Gaspard Beaudouin , Congcong Wen , Muhammad Rafay Azhar , Mengyu Wang

Currently, vision encoder models like Vision Transformers (ViTs) typically excel at image recognition tasks but cannot simultaneously support text recognition like human visual recognition. To address this limitation, we propose UNIT, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Yi Zhu , Yanpeng Zhou , Chunwei Wang , Yang Cao , Jianhua Han , Lu Hou , Hang Xu

We posit that handwriting recognition benefits from complementary cues carried by the rasterized complex glyph and the pen's trajectory, yet most systems exploit only one modality. We introduce an end-to-end network that performs early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Ayush Lodh , Ritabrata Chakraborty , Shivakumara Palaiahnakote , Umapada Pal

Optical character recognition (OCR) technology has been widely used in various scenes, as shown in Figure 1. Designing a practical OCR system is still a meaningful but challenging task. In previous work, considering the efficiency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Chenxia Li , Weiwei Liu , Ruoyu Guo , Xiaoting Yin , Kaitao Jiang , Yongkun Du , Yuning Du , Lingfeng Zhu , Baohua Lai , Xiaoguang Hu , Dianhai Yu , Yanjun Ma